ArticlePathology research international2011
A morphological approach to the diagnosis of protozoal infections of the central nervous system.
Article in Pathology research international, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- A history of over 40 years of potentially pathogenic free-living amoeba studies in Brazil - a systematic review.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2022Pooled it
- Neuroinvasive Free-Living Amoebae Pathogenesis, Neuroinflammation and Therapeutic Challenges.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Article
- Live imaging of microglia during sleeping sickness reveals early and heterogeneous inflammatory responses.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Antimalarial Agents as Therapeutic Tools Against Toxoplasmosis-A Short Bridge between Two Distant Illnesses.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Diagnosis of Chagasic Encephalitis by Sequencing of 28S rRNA Gene.Emerging infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Morphological changes, nitric oxide production, and phagocytosis are triggered in vitro in microglia by bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Development of Neurological Mouse Model for Toxoplasmosis UsingPathology research international · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Protozoal infections, though endemic to certain regions, can be seen all around the world, because of the increase in travel and migration. In addition, immunosuppression associated with various conditions, particularly with HIV infection, favors the occurrence of more severe manifestations and failure to respond to treatments. The CNS may be the only affected system; when not, it is often the most severely affected. Despite information obtained from clinical, laboratory, and imaging procedures that help to narrow the differential diagnosis of intracranial infections, there are cases that need confirmation with biopsy or autopsy. Predominant presentations are meningoencephalitis (trypanosomiasis), encephalopathy (cerebral malaria), or as single or multiple pseudotumoral enhancing lesions (toxoplasmosis, reactivated Chagas' disease). The immune reconstitution disease, resulting from enhancement of pathogen-specific immune responses after HAART, has altered the typical presentation of toxoplasmosis and microsporidiosis. In this paper, a morphological approach for the diagnosis of protozoal infections affecting the CNS (amoebiasis, cerebral malaria, toxoplasmosis, trypanosomiasis, and microsporidiosis) is presented.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.