ArticleJournal of allergy2011
Haptenation: chemical reactivity and protein binding.
Article in Journal of allergy, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- In Vitro Monitoring of Human T Cell Responses to Skin Sensitizing Chemicals-A Systematic Review.Cells · 2021Pooled it
- Chemical proteomics reveals sinomenine's anti-inflammatory mechanism through serum protein covalent modification.Chinese medicine · 2026Article
- Review
- Emerging mechanisms in dry eye disease: apoptosis-associated tear MicroRNAs and toxicant-related alterations of the glycocalyx and lipid rafts.Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2026Article
- The Nallan-Nickel Effect: A Mechanistic Perspective on Burning Sensations and Lichenoid Reactions in Long-Serving Porcelain-Fused-to-Metal Restorations.Dentistry journal · 2025Article
- Haptenization as the missing link between vasculitis and myeloperoxidase.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- Article
- Chemical respiratory sensitization-Current status of mechanistic understanding, knowledge gaps and possible identification methods of sensitizers.Frontiers in toxicology · 2024Review
- Efficacy of novel allogeneic cancer cells vaccine to treat colorectal cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Article
- Low-cost quantum mechanical descriptors for data efficient skin sensitization QSAR models.Current research in toxicology · 2024Article
- Review
- Chemical- and Drug-Induced Allergic, Inflammatory, and Autoimmune Diseases Via Haptenation.Biology · 2023Review
- When the allergy alarm bells toll: The role of Toll-like receptors in allergic diseases and treatment.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2023Review
- Awaken Immune Cells by Hapten Enhanced Intratumoral Chemotherapy with Penicillin Prolong Pancreatic Cancer Survival.Journal of Cancer · 2023Article
- A human 3D immune competent full-thickness skin model mimicking dermal dendritic cell activation.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Assessing the skin irritation and sensitizing potential of concentrates of water chlorinated in the presence of iodinated X-ray contrast media.Toxicology · 2022Article
- Article
- Skin Sensitization Potential and Cellular ROS-Induced Cytotoxicity of Silica Nanoparticles.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Simultaneous Evaluation of a Vaccine Component Microheterogeneity and Conformational Integrity Using Native Mass Spectrometry and Limited Charge Reduction.Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry · 2021Article
- Potential classification of chemical immunologic response based on gene expression profiles.Journal of immunotoxicology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Low molecular weight chemical (LMW) allergens are commonly referred to as haptens. Haptens must complex with proteins to be recognized by the immune system. The majority of occupationally related haptens are reactive, electrophilic chemicals, or are metabolized to reactive metabolites that form covalent bonds with nucleophilic centers on proteins. Nonelectrophilic protein binding may occur through disulfide exchange, coordinate covalent binding onto metal ions on metalloproteins or of metal allergens, themselves, to the major histocompatibility complex. Recent chemical reactivity kinetic studies suggest that the rate of protein binding is a major determinant of allergenic potency; however, electrophilic strength does not seem to predict the ability of a hapten to skew the response between Th1 and Th2. Modern proteomic mass spectrometry methods that allow detailed delineation of potential differences in protein binding sites may be valuable in predicting if a chemical will stimulate an immediate or delayed hypersensitivity. Chemical aspects related to both reactivity and protein-specific binding are discussed.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.