ArticleThe Journal of clinical investigation2011
Limited efficacy of inactivated influenza vaccine in elderly individuals is associated with decreased production of vaccine-specific antibodies.
Article in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 193 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
U19 Influenza Immunity: Protective Mechanisms Against a Pandemic Respiratory Virus. Project 1: B-cell Immunity to Influenza. Technical Development Project 1: Measuring the Immunome: Genomic Approaches to B-cell Repertoire- Year 1, 2009
Clifford Craig Vaccine Trial Centre: Heterologous Effect of Diptheria, Tetanus, Acellular Pertussis Vaccination on Influenza Vaccine Challenge in the Elderly
Who cites it
193 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 299 citations in OpenAlex.
- Amantadine and rimantadine for influenza A in children and the elderly.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2014Pooled it
- Immunogenicity and safety of two quadrivalent influenza vaccines in healthy adult and elderly participants in India - A phase III, active-controlled, randomized clinical study.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Trial
- Impaired memory B-cell recall responses in the elderly following recurrent influenza vaccination.PloS one · 2021Trial
- HAI and NAI titer correlates of inactivated and live attenuated influenza vaccine efficacy.BMC infectious diseases · 2019Trial
- Correlates of Protection against Influenza in the Elderly: Results from an Influenza Vaccine Efficacy Trial.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2016Trial
- Trial
- Circulating CXCR5+PD-1+ response predicts influenza vaccine antibody responses in young adults but not elderly adults.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2014Trial
- Distinct cross-reactive B-cell responses to live attenuated and inactivated influenza vaccines.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2014Trial
- Rescuing age-associated vaccine hyporesponsiveness in murine and nonhuman primate models with an immunostimulatory vaccine adjuvant.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Rational design of next-generation vaccine adjuvants: From molecular mechanisms to hybrid delivery platforms.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Review
- Optimizing an avian influenza vaccine using a novel Bacterial Enzymatic Combinatorial Chemistry (BECC) TLR4 adjuvant.mSphere · 2026Article
- Influenza vaccine-specific CD4NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Aging restricts maturation of CXCL13bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Non-propagating RNA virus-vectored HA/NA vaccine prevents shedding of antigen-drifted H1N1 influenza virus in pigs.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated microRNA-192: An anti-inflammatory adjuvant that enhances vaccine efficacy in aged mice.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Article
- The impact of viral and host factors on the influenza A virus transmission bottleneck.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Dynamics of lung-infiltrating virus-specific T cells associated with age-dependent SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia severity.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Assessment of immunogenicity and protection induced by COBRA HA vaccines formulated with Infectimune in young and elderly ferrets.PloS one · 2026Article
- Cloning and expression of natively paired antibody fragments from single B cells of immunized rhesus macaques.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Elicitation of protective immune responses against influenza a viruses in elderly ferrets by adjuvanted recombinant universal influenza hemagglutinin vaccines.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2025Article
133 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
During seasonal influenza epidemics, disease burden is shouldered predominantly by the very young and the elderly. Elderly individuals are particularly affected, in part because vaccine efficacy wanes with age. This has been linked to a reduced ability to induce a robust serum antibody response. Here, we show that this is due to reduced quantities of vaccine-specific antibodies, rather than a lack of antibody avidity or affinity. We measured levels of vaccine-specific plasmablasts by ELISPOT 1 week after immunization of young and elderly adults with inactivated seasonal influenza vaccine. Plasmablast-derived polyclonal antibodies (PPAbs) were generated from bulk-cultured B cells, while recombinant monoclonal antibodies (re-mAbs) were produced from single plasmablasts. The frequency of vaccine-specific plasmablasts and the concentration of PPAbs were lower in the elderly than in young adults, whereas the yields of secreted IgG per plasmablast were not different. Differences were not detected in the overall vaccine-specific avidity or affinity of PPAbs and re-mAbs between the 2 age groups. In contrast, reactivity of the antibodies induced by the inactivated seasonal influenza vaccine toward the 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus, which was not present in the vaccine, was higher in the elderly than in the young. These results indicate that the inferior antibody response to influenza vaccination in the elderly is primarily due to reduced quantities of vaccine-specific antibodies. They also suggest that exposure history affects the cross-reactivity of vaccination-induced antibodies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.