Trial reportAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2011
Extended results of the Alzheimer's disease anti-inflammatory prevention trial.
Trial report in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 187 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
187 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 321 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of APOE ε4 in modulating the relationship between non-genetic risk factors and dementia: a system review and meta-analysis.Journal of neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Long-term low-dose acetylsalicylic use shows protective potential for the development of both vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease in patients with coronary heart disease but not in other individuals from the general population: results from two large cohort studies.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2022Pooled it
- Prediction of differentially expressed microRNAs in blood as potential biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease by meta-analysis and adaptive boosting ensemble learning.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2021Pooled it
- A Meta-Analysis of C-Reactive Protein in Patients With Alzheimer's Disease.American journal of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias · 2016Pooled it
- The role of peripheral inflammatory markers in dementia and Alzheimer's disease: a meta-analysis.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2013Pooled it
- INTREPAD: A randomized trial of naproxen to slow progress of presymptomatic Alzheimer disease.Neurology · 2019Trial
- A Precision Medicine Model for Targeted NSAID Therapy in Alzheimer's Disease.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2018Trial
- Change in inflammatory markers and cognitive status in the oldest-old women from the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2014Trial
- Results of a follow-up study to the randomized Alzheimer's Disease Anti-inflammatory Prevention Trial (ADAPT).Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2013Trial
- A randomized controlled Alzheimer's disease prevention trial's evolution into an exposure trial: the PREADViSE Trial.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2013Trial
- Targeting cytokine-driven neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease: mechanistic insights and pharmacological strategies.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- Association of chronic pain and analgesic use with the risks of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases: pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.Translational neurodegeneration · 2026Review
- Cholesterol at the Center of Alzheimer's Disease: A Unifying Hypothesis on the Pathogenic Mechanism.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Microglial checkpoint collapse in Alzheimer's disease: a tri-axial framework for biomarker-informed neuroimmune therapy.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- A Narrative Review: Do Systemic Drugs Used in the Treatment of Psoriatic Disease Affect Alzheimer's Disease?Dermatology and therapy · 2026Review
- A perspective: PLA2G4A as drug target for vascular inflammation in Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Review
- Plasma inflammatory biomarker profiles across the Alzheimer's disease spectrum in the Bio-Hermes cohort.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Neuroprotective Effects of Eugenol in Alzheimer's Disease: Mitigating Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Amyloid Plaques.Current pharmaceutical design · 2026Review
- Beyond amyloid: nanobody-mediated neuroinflammatory therapy for Alzheimer's disease.Translational neurodegeneration · 2025Review
127 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 10 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEpidemiologic evidence suggests that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) delay onset of Alzheimer's dementia (AD), but randomized trials show no benefit from NSAIDs in patients with symptomatic AD. The Alzheimer's Disease Anti-inflammatory Prevention Trial (ADAPT) randomized 2,528 elderly persons to naproxen or celecoxib versus placebo for 2 years (standard deviation = 11 months) before treatments were terminated. During the treatment interval, 32 cases of AD revealed increased rates in both NSAID-assigned groups.
methodsWe continued the double-masked ADAPT protocol for 2 additional years to investigate incidence of AD (primary outcome). We then collected cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 117 volunteer participants to assess their ratio of CSF tau to Aβ(1-42.)
resultsIncluding 40 new events observed during follow-up of 2,071 randomized individuals (92% of participants at treatment cessation), there were 72 AD cases. Overall, NSAID-related harm was no longer evident, but secondary analyses showed that increased risk remained notable in the first 2.5 years of observations, especially in 54 persons enrolled with cognitive impairment--no dementia (CIND). These same analyses showed later reduction in AD incidence among asymptomatic enrollees who were given naproxen. CSF biomarker assays suggested that the latter result reflected reduced Alzheimer-type neurodegeneration.
conclusionsThese data suggest a revision of the original ADAPT hypothesis that NSAIDs reduce AD risk, as follows: NSAIDs have an adverse effect in later stages of AD pathogenesis, whereas asymptomatic individuals treated with conventional NSAIDs such as naproxen experience reduced AD incidence, but only after 2 to 3 years. Thus, treatment effects differ at various stages of disease. This hypothesis is consistent with data from both trials and epidemiological studies.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.