ArticlePloS one2011
Hypertension and obesity as cardiovascular risk factors among HIV seropositive patients in Western Kenya.
Article in PloS one, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 84 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
84 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 134 citations in OpenAlex.
- Reporting and handling of missing data in published studies of co-morbid hypertension and diabetes among people living with HIV/AIDS: a systematic review.BMC medical research methodology · 2025Pooled it
- Hypertension among people living with human immunodeficiency virus in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2024Pooled it
- Prevalence of obesity, hypertension and diabetes among people living with HIV in South Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Pooled it
- Patho-immune Mechanisms of Hypertension in HIV: a Systematic and Thematic Review.Current hypertension reports · 2019Pooled it
- The association between HIV and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2017Pooled it
- Association of HIV and ART with cardiometabolic traits in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of epidemiology · 2013Pooled it
- Prevention of cardiovascular disease among people living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa.Progress in cardiovascular diseasesPooled it
- Cardiovascular disease risk factors in HIV-infected women after initiation of lopinavir/ritonavir- and nevirapine-based antiretroviral therapy in Sub-Saharan Africa: A5208 (OCTANE).Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2014Trial
- Incidence of hypertension and factors associated with blood pressure control among older adults living with HIV in Western Kenya: a retrospective cohort study.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Article
- Knowledge, attitudes, and practices in cardiometabolic health among adolescents and adults in HIV care in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Prevalence and associated factors of overweight and obesity among people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy in a national hospital in Benin.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Prolonged antiretroviral therapy use and hypertension in a retrospective cross-sectional study-Rakai, Uganda.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Global health solidarity in the HIV and hypertension disease response.AIDS (London, England) · 2025Article
- Exploring diseases burden in HIV population: Results from the CHAO (Comorbidities in HIV/AIDS outpatients) cross-sectional study in Kenya.Global epidemiology · 2024Article
- A BAYESIAN DECISION FRAMEWORK FOR OPTIMIZING SEQUENTIAL COMBINATION ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY IN PEOPLE WITH HIV.The annals of applied statistics · 2023Article
- Hypertension and traditional risk factors for cardiovascular diseases among treatment naïve HIV- infected adults initiating antiretroviral therapy in Urban Tanzania.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2023Article
- Review
- Prevalence and Determinants of Endothelial Dysfunction among Adults Living with HIV in Northwest Nigeria.Global heart · 2023Article
- Prevalence of overweight and obesity and associated factors among people living with HIV attending a tertiary care clinic in Uganda.BMC nutrition · 2022Article
- Cardiovascular disease risk in women living with HIV.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2022Review
24 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThere is increased risk of cardiovascular disease among HIV seropositive individuals. The prevalence of HIV is highest in sub-Saharan Africa; however, HIV-related cardiovascular risk research is largely derived from developed country settings. Herein, we describe the prevalence of hypertension and obesity in a large HIV treatment program in Kenya.
methodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of the electronic medical records of a large HIV treatment program in Western Kenya between 2006 and 2009. We calculated the prevalence of hypertension and obesity among HIV+ adults as well as utilized multiple logistic regression analyses to examine the relationship between clinical characteristics, HIV-related characteristics, and hypertension.
resultsOur final sample size was 12,194. The median systolic/diastolic blood pressures were similar for both sexes (male: 110/70 mmHg, female: 110/70 mmHg). The prevalence of hypertension among men and women were 11.2% and 7.4%, respectively. Eleven percent of men and 22.6% of women were overweight/obese (body mass index ≥25 kg/m(2)). Ordinal logistic regression analyses showed that overweight/obesity was more strongly associated with hypertension among HIV+ men (OR 2.41, 95% CI 1.88-3.09) than a higher successive age category (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.40-1.87 comparing 16-35, 36-45 and >45 years categories). Among women, higher age category and overweight/obesity were most strongly associated with hypertension (age category: OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.95-2.50, overweight/obesity: OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.50-2.16). Length of time on protease inhibitors was not found to be related to hypertension for men (OR 1.62, 95% CI 0.42-6.20) or women (OR 1.17, 95% CI 0.37-2.65) after adjustment for CD4 count, age and BMI.
conclusionIn Western Kenya, there is a high prevalence of hypertension and overweight/obesity among HIV+ patients with differences observed between men and women. The care of HIV+ patients in sub-Saharan Africa should also include both identification and management of associated cardiovascular risk factors.
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