ArticleAmerican journal of public health2011
Neighborhood socioeconomic status and cognitive function in women.
Article in American journal of public health, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00745056 (Women's Health Initiative Memory Study--Epidemiology of Cognitive Health Outcomes), which is not on this map. Cited by 61 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Women's Health Initiative Memory Study--Epidemiology of Cognitive Health Outcomes
Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Neighborhood Environment and Cognition in Older Adults: A Systematic Review.American journal of preventive medicine · 2017Pooled it
- The association between community environment and cognitive function: a systematic review.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2015Pooled it
- Neighborhood Deprivation and Rurality Associated With Patient-Reported Outcomes and Survival in Men With Prostate Cancer in NRG Oncology RTOG 0415.International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics · 2023Trial
- Neighborhood-level deprivation measures in the United States: a scoping review and reference guide for investigators.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Trust and cognitive function: a population-based cross-sectional survey among older adults relocated for poverty alleviation in Shanxi, China.BMC geriatrics · 2025Article
- Neighborhood-level socioeconomic disadvantage is associated with multiple cognitive domains in a community sample of older adults.Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition · 2025Article
- Incidence of Frailty, Dementia, and Disability Among Community-Living Older Americans According to County-Level Disadvantage.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2025Article
- Exposure to neighborhood concentrated poverty is associated with faster decline in episodic memory among midlife women.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Multi-Ancestry Transcriptome-Wide Association Studies of Cognitive Function, White Matter Hyperintensity, and Alzheimer's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Neighborhood environment associations with cognitive function and structural brain measures in older African Americans.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Neighborhood physical activity facilities predict risk of incident mixed and vascular dementia: The Cardiovascular Health Cognition Study.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Association Between Healthy Eating Index-2020 and Oral Microbiome Among Postmenopausal Women.The Journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- Area Socioeconomic Status is Associated with Refusal of Recommended Surgery in Patients with Metastatic Bone and Joint Disease.Annals of surgical oncology · 2024Article
- Does Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status Alter Memory Change Associated with a Cancer Diagnosis? Preliminary Evidence from the US Health and Retirement Study.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2024Article
- Features of the Physical and Social Neighborhood Environment and Neighborhood-Level Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementia in South Carolina.Environmental health perspectives · 2024Article
- Vietnamese American Perspectives on Engagement in an Aging-Focused Research Registry.Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders · 2024Article
- Effects of early-life environment and adulthood SES on cognitive change in a multiethnic cohort.Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS · 2023Article
- Association of Childhood and Midlife Neighborhood Socioeconomic Position With Cognitive Decline.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Design of the think PHRESH longitudinal cohort study: Neighborhood disadvantage, cognitive aging, and alzheimer's disease risk in disinvested, black neighborhoods.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Neighborhood disadvantage and dementia incidence in a cohort of Asian American and non-Latino White older adults in Northern California.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2023Article
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesWe examined whether neighborhood socioeconomic status (NSES) is associated with cognitive functioning in older US women and whether this relationship is explained by associations between NSES and vascular, health behavior, and psychosocial factors.
methodsWe assessed women aged 65 to 81 years (n = 7479) who were free of dementia and took part in the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study. Linear mixed models examined the cross-sectional association between an NSES index and cognitive functioning scores. A base model adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, education, income, marital status, and hysterectomy. Three groups of potential confounders were examined in separate models: vascular, health behavior, and psychosocial factors.
resultsLiving in a neighborhood with a 1-unit higher NSES value was associated with a level of cognitive functioning that was 0.022 standard deviations higher (P = .02). The association was attenuated but still marginally significant (P < .1) after adjustment for confounders and, according to interaction tests, stronger among younger and non-White women.
conclusionsThe socioeconomic status of a woman's neighborhood may influence her cognitive functioning. This relationship is only partially explained by vascular, health behavior, or psychosocial factors. Future research is needed on the longitudinal relationships between NSES, cognitive impairment, and cognitive decline.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.