ArticleThe Journal of surgical research2012
Differentially expressed genes in window trials are influenced by the wound-healing process: lessons learned from a pilot study with anastrozole.
Article in The Journal of surgical research, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review and feasibility study on pre-analytical factors and genomic analyses on archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded breast cancer tissue.Scientific reports · 2024Pooled it
- Association of molecular subtypes with Ki-67 changes in untreated breast cancer patients undergoing pre-surgical trials.Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology · 2014Trial
- Window-of-opportunity trials to screen effective agents and optimize dose in breast cancer prevention.NPJ breast cancer · 2025Review
- The anti-proliferative effects of a frankincense extract in a window of opportunity phase ia clinical trial for patients with breast cancer.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2024Article
- Review
- A prospective comparison of ER, PR, Ki67 and gene expression in paired sequential core biopsies of primary, untreated breast cancer.BMC cancer · 2016Article
- Tumour sampling method can significantly influence gene expression profiles derived from neoadjuvant window studies.Scientific reports · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPerioperative window trials provide an opportunity to obtain intact tumor samples at two different time-points for evaluation of potential surrogate biomarkers. We report results of a pilot trial designed to determine if treatment-mediated changes in gene expression can be detected in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples after 10-d exposure to anastrozole in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer compared with untreated controls.
methodsPaired tumor samples (biopsy, surgical) were obtained from 26 postmenopausal women with ER-positive breast cancer. Patients were assigned anastrozole (1 mg/d) for 10 d immediately prior to surgery (13 cases) or no treatment (13 controls). Five hundred two cancer-related genes were examined by the Illumina cDNA-mediated annealing, selection, extension, and ligation, FFPE cDNA array (moderated t-test, P ≤ 0.005). Surrogate biomarkers reflecting changes in gene expression were examined by immunohistochemistry (Wilcoxon rank-based test, P < 0.05).
resultsSufficient RNA was available from 19 paired samples (8 controls, 11 cases). Frozen tissue and FFPE showed good correlation (r = 0.82). Within each group, 18 genes, reflecting roles in proliferation, angiogenesis, and apoptosis, showed differential expression from biopsy to surgery (P < 0.005). Estrogen-related genes were dysregulated in the treated group only. A reduction in Ki-67 was observed in 7 (54%) treated cases and in 1 (7.7%) control patient.
conclusions10-d exposure to anastrozole resulted in dysregulation of 18/502 cancer-related genes, and Ki-67 was reduced in 54% of cases. FFPE samples demonstrated good correlation with frozen samples. However, changes in gene expression and increased Ki-67 in the control group suggest local effects of wound healing may represent a confounding factor in the interpretation of perioperative window trials.
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