Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21776403›Full record

ArticleSurgical neurology international2011

"Unnecessary" spinal surgery: A prospective 1-year study of one surgeon's experience.

Nancy E Epstein, Donald C Hood

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Surgical neurology international, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Second opinions for spinal surgery: a scoping review.BMC health services research · 2022
    Article
  5. Second opinion in spine surgery: A scoping review.Surgical neurology international · 2021
    Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Observational
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Second opinion in spine surgery: a Brazilian perspective.European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology : orthopedie traumatologie · 2015
    Article
  14. Not by bread alone: shortcomings of the pay-for-performance approach.Clinical orthopaedics and related research · 2014
    Article
  15. Neurosurgery: A profession or a technical trade?Surgical neurology international · 2014
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Multiple operations on the same patient.Surgical neurology international · 2012
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Nancy E EpsteinDepartment of Neurological Surgery, The Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
Donald C Hood

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThere are marked disparities in the frequency of spinal surgery performed within the United States over time, as well as across different geographic areas. One possible source of these disparities is the criteria for surgery.

methodsDuring a one-year period [November 2009-October 2010], the senior author, a neurosurgeon, saw 274 patients for cervical and lumbar spinal, office consultations. A patient was assigned to the "unnecessary surgery" group if they were told they needed spinal surgery by another surgeon, but exhibited pain alone without neurological deficits and without significant abnormal radiographic findings [dynamic X-rays, MR scans, and/or CT scans].

resultsOf the 274 consults, 45 patients were told they needed surgery by outside surgeons, although their neurological and radiographic findings were not abnormal. An additional 2 patients were told they needed lumbar operations, when in fact the findings indicated a cervical operation was necessary. These 47 patients included 21 [23.1%] of 91 patients with cervical complaints, and 26 [14.2%] of 183 patients with lumbar complaints. The 21 planned cervical operations included 1-4 level anterior diskectomy/fusion [18 patients], laminectomies/fusions [2 patients], and a posterior cervical diskectomy [1 patient]. The 26 planned lumbar operations involved single/multilevel posterior lumbar interbody fusions: 1-level [13 patients], 2-levels [7 patients], 3-levels [3 patients], 4-levels [2 patients], and 5-levels [1 patient]. In 29 patients there were one or more overlapping comorbidities.

conclusionsDuring a one-year period, 47 [17.2%] of 274 spinal consultations seen by a single neurosurgeon were scheduled for "unnecessary surgery".

Indexed as

Cervicalfrequencylumbarunnecessary spinal surgery

Identifiers

PMID21776403
PMCPMC3130462

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.