ArticleSelf/nonself2011
Conceptual aspects of self and nonself discrimination.
Article in Self/nonself, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Micro-chimerism: from evolution to revolution.Seminars in immunopathology · 2025Article
- Study on the risk identification of abnormal gas outbursts based on the mechanism of biological immunity.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Updating the Discontinuity Theory to the Extended Immunity: The Symmunobiome Concept.European journal of immunology · 2025Review
- Mammalian Species-Specific Resistance to Mammary Cancer.Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia · 2025Review
- Mutation of conserved MHC class I cytoplasmic tyrosine affects CD8+ T cell priming, effector function, and memory response.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Immunopeptidomics in the cancer immunotherapy era.Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy · 2024Review
- Nonhuman primate models of pediatric viral diseases.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase (cGAS) Deletion Reduces Severity in Bilateral Nephrectomy Mice through Changes in Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Mitochondrial Respiration.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Small cell lung cancer stem cells display mesenchymal properties and exploit immune checkpoint pathways in activated cytotoxic T lymphocytes.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2022Article
- Deimmunization of protein therapeutics - Recent advances in experimental and computational epitope prediction and deletion.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2021Review
- Molecular pathobiology of scleritis and its therapeutic implications.International journal of ophthalmology · 2020Review
- Human MOSPD2: A bacterial Lmb mimicked auto-antigen is involved in immune infertility.Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2019Article
- Bioactive Nanoparticles for Cancer Immunotherapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Review
- Oncolytic viruses as engineering platforms for combination immunotherapy.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2018Review
- Pulmonary surfactant protein D in first-line innate defence against influenza A virus infections.Journal of innate immunity · 2013Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Due to the variety and complexity of microorganisms, the mechanisms needed for pathogen recognition are diverse. Innate immune recognition is mainly based on a series of germ-line encoded receptors that have been selected by evolution to recognize nonself molecules present in microorganisms. Innate immunity also recognizes changes in our cells caused by infection, such as the lack or induction of self molecules. Adaptative immunity somatically generates large repertories of receptors which collectively recognize any nonself antigen. These receptors are randomly generated, and the adaptative immune system has to learn how to eliminate or inactivate cells with high avidity receptors for self molecules. Given the enormous variety of microbe structures and immune receptors, the difference between self and nonself is not absolute; it depends on the threshold of activation. In genetically diverse populations, individuals who have this activation threshold too far from the average may suffer an autoimmune reaction. Accumulation of mutations in cancer cells generates neoantigens that may be also recognized as nonself molecules, but the extent of self and nonself discrimination limits immune responsiveness to them. Surprisingly, most of the molecules expressed by cancer cells recognized by the immune system are non mutated self molecules.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.