Trial reportNeuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology2011
Acute phenylalanine/tyrosine depletion reduces motivation to smoke cigarettes across stages of addiction.
Trial report in Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effects of dopamine and opioid receptor antagonism on the neural processing of social and nonsocial rewards.Human brain mapping · 2024Trial
- A novel stress-based intervention reduces cigarette use in non-treatment seeking smokers.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Dopamine Depletion Reduces Food-Related Reward Activity Independent of BMI.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2016Trial
- Trial
- The dopamine augmenter L-DOPA does not affect positive mood in healthy human volunteers.PloS one · 2012Trial
- Amping up effort: effects of d-amphetamine on human effort-based decision-making.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2011Trial
- Lost in translation: why don't dopamine D2 antagonists cure addictions?Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN · 2026Article
- A common alteration in effort-based decision-making in apathy, anhedonia, and late circadian rhythm.eLife · 2025Article
- Pharmacokinetics of Dual Amino Acids for Dry Powder Inhalation Therapy in Pulmonary Drug Delivery: An In-Vivo Study.Addiction & health · 2025Article
- Cholinergic and dopaminergic-mediated motivated behavior in healthy states and in substance use and mood disorders.Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior · 2022Review
- Blood glutamine synthetase signaling in alcohol use disorder and racial disparity.Translational psychiatry · 2022Article
- Effects of average reward rate on vigor as a function of individual variation in striatal dopamine.Psychopharmacology · 2022Article
- Pharmacological investigations of effort-based decision-making in humans: Naltrexone and nicotine.PloS one · 2022Article
- Using metabolic energy to quantify the subjective value of physical effort.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2021Article
- Dose-response effects of d-amphetamine on effort-based decision-making and reinforcement learning.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2021Article
- Using pharmacological manipulations to study the role of dopamine in human reward functioning: A review of studies in healthy adults.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2021Review
- Cognitive effort-avoidance in patients with schizophrenia can reflect Amotivation: an event-related potential study.BMC psychiatry · 2020Article
- The Netrin-1/DCC guidance system: dopamine pathway maturation and psychiatric disorders emerging in adolescence.Molecular psychiatry · 2020Review
- Methylphenidate increases willingness to perform effort in adults with ADHD.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The neurobiology of tobacco use is poorly understood, possibly in part because the relevant mechanisms might differ depending on past nicotine exposure and degree of addiction. In the present study we investigated whether these factors might affect the role of dopamine (DA). Using the acute phenylalanine/tyrosine depletion method (APTD), DA synthesis was transiently decreased in three groups of abstinent smokers (n=47): (1) early low-frequency smokers, who had smoked a maximum of five cigarettes per day for less than one year, (2) stable low-frequency smokers smoking at the same level as early low-frequency smokers for at least 3 years, and (3) stable high-frequency smokers, who smoked a minimum of 10 or more cigarettes per day for at least 5 years. Motivation to obtain tobacco was measured using a progressive ratio breakpoint schedule for nicotine-containing and de-nicotinized cigarettes. Compared with a nutritionally balanced control mixture, APTD decreased the self-administration of nicotine-containing cigarettes, and this occurred in all three groups of smokers. The results suggest that DA influenced the willingness to sustain effort for nicotine reward, and this was seen in participants at all three levels of cigarette addiction. In the transition from sporadic to addicted use, the role of DA in the motivation to seek drug may change less than previously proposed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.