ArticleMenopause (New York, N.Y.)2011
Hip fracture in postmenopausal women after cessation of hormone therapy: results from a prospective study in a large health management organization.
Article in Menopause (New York, N.Y.), 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 122 citations in OpenAlex.
- The 2012 hormone therapy position statement of: The North American Menopause Society.Menopause (New York, N.Y.) · 2012Guideline
- Effect of prior oophorectomy on changes in bone mineral density and carotid artery intima-media thickness in postmenopausal women.Fertility and sterility · 2014Trial
- Preventing Hip (Proximal Femoral) Fractures: An Evidence-Based Review for Clinicians.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Discontinuation of menopausal hormone therapy and risk of fracture: nested case-control studies using routinely collected primary care data.The lancet. Healthy longevity · 2025Article
- Bone Health for Gynaecologists.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Review
- Climacteric women's perspectives on menopause and hormone therapy: Knowledge gaps, fears, and the role of healthcare advice.PloS one · 2025Article
- A Simple Mathematical Model Demonstrates the Potential for Cell-Based Hormone Therapy to Address Dysregulation of the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Ovary Axis in Females with Loss of Ovarian Function.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2024Article
- Role of menopausal hormone therapy in the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis.Open life sciences · 2023Review
- The risk of long-term cardiometabolic disease in women with premature or early menopause: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Review
- Estrogen and bones after menopause: a reappraisal of data and future perspectives.Hormones (Athens, Greece) · 2021Review
- Is there a role for menopausal hormone therapy in the management of postmenopausal osteoporosis?Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2020Review
- Type of menopause, age of menopause and variations in the risk of incident cardiovascular disease: pooled analysis of individual data from 10 international studies.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2020Article
- Encapsulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in 3D Ovarian Cell Constructs Promotes Stable and Long-Term Hormone Secretion with Improved Physiological Outcomes in a Syngeneic Rat Model.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2020Article
- Lessons learned with Bone Health TeleECHO: making treatment decisions when guidelines conflict.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2019Review
- Age at natural menopause and risk of incident cardiovascular disease: a pooled analysis of individual patient data.The Lancet. Public health · 2019Article
- The Controversial History of Hormone Replacement Therapy.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2019Review
- Surgically Induced Menopause-A Practical Review of Literature.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2019Review
- Menopausal hormone therapy and breast cancer: what is the evidence from randomized trials?Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society · 2018Review
- Menopause, Reproductive Life, Hormone Replacement Therapy, and Bone Phenotype at Age 60-64 Years: A British Birth Cohort.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2016Article
- Cancel the denosumab holiday.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveMillions of women in the United States and across the globe abruptly discontinued postmenopausal hormone therapy (HT) after the initial Women's Health Initiative trial publication. Few data describing the effects of HT cessation on hip fracture incidence in the general population are available. We evaluated the impact of HT cessation on hip fracture incidence in a large cohort from the Southern California Kaiser Permanente health management organization.
methodsIn this longitudinal observational study, 80,955 postmenopausal women using HT as of July 2002 were followed up through December 2008. Data on HT use after July 2002, antiosteoporotic medication use, and occurrence of hip fracture were collected from the electronic medical record system. Bone mineral density (BMD) was assessed in 54,209 women once during the study period using the dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan.
resultsAfter 6.5 years of follow-up, age- and race-adjusted Cox proportional hazard models showed that women who discontinued HT were at 55% greater risk of hip fracture compared with those who continued using HT (hazard ratio, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.36-1.77). Hip fracture risk increased as early as 2 years after cessation of HT (hazard ratio, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.26-1.84), and the risk incrementally increased with longer duration of cessation (P for trend < 0.0001). Longer duration of HT cessation was linearly correlated with lower BMD (β estimate [SE]) = -0.13 [0.003] T-score SD unit per year of HT cessation; P < 0.0001).
conclusionsWomen who discontinued postmenopausal HT had significantly increased risk of hip fracture and lower BMD compared with women who continued taking HT. The protective association of HT with hip fracture disappeared within 2 years of cessation of HT. These results have public health implications with regard to morbidity and mortality from hip fracture.
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Registered trials
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