Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21775748›Full record

Trial reportDiabetes care2011

Peer-led diabetes education programs in high-risk Mexican Americans improve glycemic control compared with standard approaches: a Project Dulce promotora randomized trial.

Athena Philis-Tsimikas, Adelaide Fortmann, Leticia Lleva-Ocana, Chris Walker, Linda C Gallo

2 registry-linked trialsOpen access · hybridAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Diabetes care, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 110 papers, 18 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
110citing papers in PubMed, 18 pooled it
7.4field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT02804620 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2014, after this paper: background citation

From Clinic to Community: Using Peer Support as a Transition Model for Improving Long-term Diabetes-related Health Outcomes

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of British ColumbiaRan2014 to 2018Enrolled196ConditionsPeer Support, Diabetes Self-managementArmsPeer-led, Empowerment-based Approach to Self-management efforts in Diabetes
NCT05560893 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2022, after this paper: background citation

El Corazon de La Comunidad Study - The Purpose of This Research Study is to Develop, Implement, and Evaluate a Community-based Approach to Bolstering the Health and Efficacy of Community Service Providers

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of California, IrvineRan2022 to 2024Enrolled84ConditionsHeart Rate VariabilityArmsRelational Savoring Intervention
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

110 citing papers in PubMed, 18 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 211 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Effects of Multilevel and Multidomain Interventions on Glycemic Control in U.S. Hispanic Populations.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025
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50 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Athena Philis-TsimikasScripps Whittier Diabetes Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA. tsimikas.athena@scrippshealth.org
Adelaide Fortmann
Leticia Lleva-Ocana
Chris Walker
Linda C Gallo
Scripps Whittier Diabetes Institute · USSan Diego State University · US

Funding

SCRIPPS TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE INSTITUTE (UL1)UL1RR025774 · NCRR · SCRIPPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE, THE · PI TOPOL, ERIC JEFFREY · 2008 to 2011
$16.3M
Incremental Clinical/Cost Effect of RN/PeerR18DK070666 · NIDDK · WHITTIER INSTITUTE FOR DIABETES & ENDOC · PI PHILIS-TSIMIKAS, ATHENA · 2006 to 2007
$388k
NCRR NIH HHS 1U54RR025204-01-01NCRR NIH HHS UL1 RR025774NIDDK NIH HHS DK-070666-01A1NIDDK NIH HHS R18 DK070666
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo evaluate the effect of a culturally sensitive diabetes self-management education program that uses a low-cost, peer-educator format (Project Dulce) on glucose control and metabolic parameters in low-income Mexican Americans with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND

methodsA total of 207 Mexican-American patients recruited from federally funded community health centers in San Diego County with HbA(1c) >8% were randomly assigned to the Project Dulce peer intervention or continuation of standard diabetes care. The primary outcome of interest was HbA(1c).

resultsThe majority of subjects were born in Mexico, were female, were middle-aged, had less than an eighth-grade education, and had high baseline HbA(1c) levels. Significant time-by-group interaction effects for HbA(1c) (P = 0.02) and diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.04) indicated that the Project Dulce group exhibited greater improvement (i.e., decreases) across time. Within-group analyses showed that the intervention group exhibited significant improvements from baseline to month 4 in absolute levels of HbA(1c) (-1.7%, P = 0.001) and HDL cholesterol (+1.4 mg/dL, P = 0.01) and from baseline to month 10 in absolute levels of HbA(1c) (-1.5%, P = 0.01), total cholesterol (-7.2 mg/dL, P = 0.04), HDL cholesterol (+1.6 mg/dL, P = 0.01), and LDL cholesterol (-8.1 mg/dL, P = 0.02). No significant changes were noted in the control group.

conclusionsThis randomized trial, using the Project Dulce model of culturally sensitive, peer-led education, demonstrates improvement in glucose and metabolic control and suggests that this low-cost approach to self-management education for high-risk diabetic populations is effective.

Indexed as

Patient Education as TopicPeer GroupAdultAgedBlood GlucoseBlood PressureCholesterolCholesterol, HDLCholesterol, LDLDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2FemaleGlycated HemoglobinHumansMaleMexican AmericansMiddle AgedBlood GlucoseCholesterolCholesterol, HDLCholesterol, LDLGlycated Hemoglobin

Identifiers

PMID21775748
PMCPMC3161298
OpenAlexW2146706461

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.