ArticleBiology letters2012
In the four-eyed fish (Anableps anableps), the regions of the retina exposed to aquatic and aerial light do not express the same set of opsin genes.
Article in Biology letters, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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12 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Development of convergent adaptations reveal highly conserved early ontogenetic skull shape in fishes with amphibious vision.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Expansion and Functional Diversification of Long-Wavelength-Sensitive Opsin in Anabantoid Fishes.Journal of molecular evolution · 2024Article
- Retinal Cone Mosaic in sws1-Mutant Medaka (Oryzias latipes), A Teleost.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2022Article
- Light-induced shifts in opsin gene expression in the four-eyed fishFrontiers in neuroscience · 2022Article
- Vitamin ADevelopmental biology · 2021Review
- Seeing the rainbow: mechanisms underlying spectral sensitivity in teleost fishes.The Journal of experimental biology · 2020Review
- Article
- Eye development in the four-eyed fishProceedings. Biological sciences · 2017Article
- Retinal specialization through spatially varying cell densities and opsin coexpression in cichlid fish.The Journal of experimental biology · 2017Article
- Article
- Variable light environments induce plastic spectral tuning by regional opsin coexpression in the African cichlid fish, Metriaclima zebra.Molecular ecology · 2015Article
- Extraordinary diversity of visual opsin genes in dragonflies.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2015Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The four-eyed fish, Anableps anableps, has eyes with unusual morphological adaptations for simultaneous vision above and below water. The retina, for example, is divided such that one region receives light from the aerial field and the other from the aquatic field. To understand better the adaptive value of this partitioned retina, we characterized photoreceptor distribution using in situ hybridization. Cones expressing sws1, sws2b and rh2-2 (i.e. UV, and short wavelength-sensitive) opsins were found throughout the retina, whereas cones expressing rh2-1 (middle wavelength-sensitive) were largely limited to the ventral retina and those expressing lws (long wavelength-sensitive) opsins were only expressed in the dorsal retina. We next asked when this pattern evolved relative to the 'four-eyed' morphology. We characterized opsin expression in Jenynsia onca, a member of the sister genus to Anableps with typical teleost eye morphology. In J. onca, sws1, sws2b, rh2-2 and rh2-1 opsins were expressed throughout the retina; while lws opsins were not expressed in the ventral retina. Thus, the change that coincides with the evolution of unusual anablepid eye morphology is the loss of rh2-1 expression in the dorsal retina, probably to accommodate increased lws opsin expression. The retinal area that samples aerial light appears not to have changed with respect to photoreceptor transcription.
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