ArticleBrain : a journal of neurology2011
Vascular endothelial growth factor is upregulated by L-dopa in the parkinsonian brain: implications for the development of dyskinesia.
Article in Brain : a journal of neurology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 139 citations in OpenAlex.
- Functional motor network abnormalities associated with levodopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2024Pooled it
- Striatal blood-brain barrier permeability in Parkinson's disease.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2015Trial
- Potential Synergistic Roles of Ketogenic Diet and Stem Cell Therapy in Parkinson's Disease: A Narrative Review.Cureus · 2026Review
- Cerebral microbleeds aggravate severity of motor function, cognitive and emotional status in Parkinson's disease.Acta neurologica Belgica · 2026Article
- Transport Across the Blood-Brain Barrier.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Levodopa exposure and nigral neuroinflammation in parkinsonian disorders: A postmortem study of 63 cases.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Involvement of Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Stress in L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia in Parkinson's Disease: Role of Renin-Angiotensin System and ROCK Pathway.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Stigmasterol Alleviates Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia in 6-OHDA-Induced Parkinsonian Rats.Neurochemical research · 2025Article
- Disease-Modifying Trials in Treated Parkinson's Disease: "Stable Treated" Does Not Equate with Biological Stability.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2025Review
- Regulating astrocytic activity in the dorsal striatum mitigates L-dopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The anti-dyskinetic effect of the clinic-ready mGluRNaunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Article
- Caveolae-Mediated Transcytosis and Its Role in Neurological Disorders.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Dopamine signaling from ganglion cells directs layer-specific angiogenesis in the retina.Current biology : CB · 2023Article
- Interactions between Angiotensin Type-1 Antagonists, Statins, and ROCK Inhibitors in a Rat Model of L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Ropinirole Cotreatment Prevents Perivascular Glial Recruitment in a Rat Model of L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia.Cells · 2023Article
- Blood transcriptomic signatures associated with molecular changes in the brain and clinical outcomes in Parkinson's disease.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesias in Parkinson's Disease: An Overview on Pathophysiology, Clinical Manifestations, Therapy Management Strategies and Future Directions.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- The contribution of inflammatory astrocytes to BBB impairments in a brain-chip model of Parkinson's disease.Nature communications · 2023Article
- The effect of levodopa treatment on vascular endothelial function in Parkinson's disease.Journal of neurology · 2023Article
- Dopamine Agonist Cotreatment Alters Neuroplasticity and Pharmacology of Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2023Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Angiogenesis and increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier have been reported to occur in animal models of Parkinson's disease and l-dopa-induced dyskinesia, but the significance of these phenomena has remained unclear. Using a validated rat model of l-dopa-induced dyskinesia, this study demonstrates that chronic treatment with l-dopa dose dependently induces the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in the basal ganglia nuclei. Vascular endothelial growth factor was abundantly expressed in astrocytes and astrocytic processes in the proximity of blood vessels. When co-administered with l-dopa, a small molecule inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor signalling significantly attenuated the development of dyskinesia and completely blocked the angiogenic response and associated increase in blood-brain barrier permeability induced by the treatment. The occurrence of angiogenesis and vascular endothelial growth factor upregulation was verified in post-mortem basal ganglia tissue from patients with Parkinson's disease with a history of dyskinesia, who exhibited increased microvascular density, microvascular nestin expression and an upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor messenger ribonucleic acid. These congruent findings in the rat model and human patients indicate that vascular endothelial growth factor is implicated in the pathophysiology of l-dopa-induced dyskinesia and emphasize an involvement of the microvascular compartment in the adverse effects of l-dopa pharmacotherapy in Parkinson's disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.