ArticleThe American journal of pathology2011
Macrophage infiltration predicts a poor prognosis for human ewing sarcoma.
Article in The American journal of pathology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03651375 (Hypofractionated 5x5 Gy Radiotherapy With Sequential Doxorubicin and Ifosfamide-based Chemotherapy in Marginally Resectable Soft Tissue Sarcomas of Extremities or Trunk Wall), which is not on this map. Cited by 99 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Hypofractionated 5x5 Gy Radiotherapy With Sequential Doxorubicin and Ifosfamide-based Chemotherapy in Marginally Resectable Soft Tissue Sarcomas of Extremities or Trunk Wall
Who cites it
99 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 161 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- C-reactive protein as a prognostic factor for human osteosarcoma: a meta-analysis and literature review.PloS one · 2014Pooled it
- Trial
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Tumor-Associated Macrophages: Clinical Translation.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2018Trial
- Immune cell clustering identifies a CD163⁺/CSF1R⁺ macrophage and neutrophil-enriched phenotype with distinct biological signatures and poor prognosis in angiosarcoma.Oncoimmunology · 2026Article
- Pediatric sarcomas: challenges and opportunities.Genes & development · 2026Review
- Model-dependent GD2 upregulation in Ewing sarcoma with the EZH2 inhibitor tazemetostat: Prerequisites for combination with GD2-specific CAR T cells.Research square · 2026Article
- Prognostic impact of tumor-associated macrophages in pediatric Ewing sarcoma, National Cancer Institute (2010-2020).World journal of surgical oncology · 2026Article
- Proteomic landscape of Ewing sarcoma primary tumors and metastases.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Relationship between myeloid skewing and colorectal cancer risk in the Framingham Heart Study.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Spatial Profiling Identifies Tumor-Associated Stroma Enrichment and MIF as Potential Immunotherapy Targets in Primary Ewing Sarcomas.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2025Article
- B7-H3 in the tumor microenvironment: Implications for CAR T cell therapy in pediatric solid tumors.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2025Review
- The ubiquitin ligase Pellino1 targets STAT3 to regulate macrophage-mediated inflammation and tumor development.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Circumventing resistance within the Ewing sarcoma microenvironment by combinatorial innate immunotherapy.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2024Article
- Combinatorial macrophage induced innate immunotherapy against Ewing sarcoma: Turning "Two Keys" simultaneously.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2024Article
- Anti-CD99 Antibody Therapy Triggers Macrophage-Dependent Ewing Cell Death In Vitro and Myeloid Cell Recruitment In Vivo.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Engagement of CD99 Activates Distinct Programs in Ewing Sarcoma and Macrophages.Cancer immunology research · 2024Article
- Macrophages in tumor cell migration and metastasis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Branched-chain keto acids promote an immune-suppressive and neurodegenerative microenvironment in leptomeningeal disease.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Seed Becoming Soil: A New Paradigm of the Ewing Sarcoma Tumor Microenvironment.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2023Article
39 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma-primitive neuroectodermal tumor (EWS) is associated with the most unfavorable prognosis of all primary musculoskeletal tumors. The objective of the present study was to investigate whether tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) affect the development of EWS. TAMs were isolated from mouse xenografts using CD11b magnetic beads and examined for their cytokine expression and osteoclastic differentiation. To evaluate the role of TAMs in xenograft formation, liposome-encapsulated clodronate was used to deplete TAMs in mice. Macrophage infiltration and tumor microvascular density were histologically evaluated in 41 patients with EWS, and association with prognosis was examined using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. In mouse EWS xenografts, TAMs expressed higher concentrations of cytokines including interleukin-6, keratinocyte-derived chemokine, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1. TAMs were more capable than normal monocytes of differentiating into tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive giant cells. Depleting macrophages using liposome-encapsulated clodronate significantly inhibited development of EWS xenografts. In human EWS samples, higher levels of CD68-positive macrophages were associated with poorer overall survival. In addition, enhanced vascularity, increase in the amount of C-reactive protein, and higher white blood cell counts were also associated with poor prognosis and macrophage infiltration. TAMs seem to enhance the progression of EWS by stimulating both angiogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. Further investigation of the behavior of TAMs may lead to development of biologically targeted therapies for EWS.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.