ArticleBMC infectious diseases2011
Successive influenza virus infection and Streptococcus pneumoniae stimulation alter human dendritic cell function.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Thioredoxin regulates T cell proliferation and aggravates the severity of influenza a virus infection.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- A comparative analysis of the dendritic cell response upon exposure to different rabies virus strains.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Article
- Immune response in influenza virus infection and modulation of immune injury by viral neuraminidase.Virology journal · 2023Review
- Immune Memory After Respiratory Infection WithFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- Infection with different human influenza A subtypes affects the period of susceptibility to secondary bacterial infections in ferrets.FEMS microbes · 2022Article
- Virus-Induced Changes of the Respiratory Tract Environment Promote Secondary Infections WithFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
- Innate Immune Cell Suppression and the Link With Secondary Lung Bacterial Pneumonia.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- The inflammatory response triggered by Influenza virus: a two edged sword.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2017Review
- Secondary Bacterial Infections Associated with Influenza Pandemics.Frontiers in microbiology · 2017Review
- A Critical, Nonlinear Threshold Dictates Bacterial Invasion and Initial Kinetics During Influenza.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- Article
- The influence of infectious factors on dendritic cell apoptosis.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2015Article
- Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Suppresses the Function of Lung Dendritic Cells via Caveolin-1.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2015Article
- Effect of influenza A infection on maturation and function of neonatal monocyte-derived dendritic cells.Viral immunology · 2014Article
- Secondary bacterial infections in influenza virus infection pathogenesis.Current topics in microbiology and immunology · 2014Review
- Influenza A virus-mediated priming enhances cytokine secretion by human dendritic cells infected with Streptococcus pneumoniae.Cellular microbiology · 2013Article
- Kinetics of coinfection with influenza A virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae.PLoS pathogens · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundInfluenza virus is a major cause of respiratory disease worldwide and Streptococcus pneumoniae infection associated with influenza often leads to severe complications. Dendritic cells are key antigen presenting cells but its role in such co-infection is unclear.
methodsIn this study, human monocyte derived-dentritic cells were either concurrently or successively challenged with the combination of live influenza virus and heat killed pneumococcus to mimic the viral pneumococcal infection. Dendritic cell viability, phenotypic maturation and cytokine production were then examined.
resultsThe challenge of influenza virus and pneumococcus altered dendritic cell functions dependent on the time interval between the successive challenge of influenza virus and pneumococcus, as well as the doses of pneumococcus. When dendritic cells were exposed to pneumococcus at 6 hr, but not 0 hr nor 24 hr after influenza virus infection, both virus and pneumococcus treated dendritic cells had greater cell apoptosis and expressed higher CD83 and CD86 than dendritic cells infected with influenza virus alone. Dendritic cells produced pro-inflammatory cytokines: TNF-α, IL-12 and IFN-γ synergistically to the successive viral and pneumococcal challenge. Whereas prior influenza virus infection suppressed the IL-10 response independent of the timing of the subsequent pneumococcal stimulation.
conclusionsOur results demonstrated that successive challenge of dendritic cells with influenza virus and pneumococcus resulted in synergistic up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines with simultaneous down-regulation of anti-inflammatory cytokine, which may explain the immuno-pathogenesis of this important co-infection.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.