Trial reportThe New England journal of medicine2011
Prevention of HIV-1 infection with early antiretroviral therapy.
Trial report in The New England journal of medicine, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 10 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 3,780 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Randomized Trial to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Antiretroviral Therapy Plus HIV Primary Care Versus HIV Primary Care Alone to Prevent the Sexual Transmission of HIV-1 in Serodiscordant Couples
Prevalence, Socio-demographic Correlates of Substance Use Disorders Among HIV-infected Adults in Cameroon, and Their Influence on Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy and Immunological Feature: Study Protocol for a Retrospective Cohort Study
Same Day Community-based ART Initiation Versus Clinic-based Pre-ART Assessment and Counselling for Individuals Newly Tested HIV-positive During Community-based HIV Testing in Rural Lesotho - a Randomized Controlled Trial
Cooperative Re-Engagement Controlled Trial (CoRECT)
A Single-blind, Randomized, Parallel Design Study to Assess the Effectiveness of SMS Reminders in Improving ART Adherence Among Adolescents Living With HIV in Nigeria (STARTA Trial-Adolescents)
HIV Awal (Early) Testing & Treatment Indonesia Project Implementing 'Test and Treat' Strategies for HIV Treatment and Prevention in Key Populations in Indonesia: a Prospective Implementation Research Study (Phase 1 - Observational Phase)
Information Visualizations to Facilitate HIV-related Patient-provider Communication in New York City (Info Viz: HIV-NYC)
A Phase 4, Single-arm, Open-label Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Darunavir/Cobicistat/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide (D/C/F/TAF) Once Daily Fixed-dose Combination (FDC) Regimen in Antiretroviral Treatment-experienced Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Infected Subjects Not Currently Receiving Any Antiretroviral Therapy.
Urine Tenofovir Point-of-care Test to Identify Patients in Need of ART Adherence Support (UTRA Study)
Midwest TXTXT Scale up of an Evidence-Based Intervention to Promote HIV Medication Adherence
Who cites it
3,780 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 6,930 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Interventions in the Era of Universal Test and Treat: A Hybrid Systematic-Narrative Literature Review of Global Evidence.AIDS and behavior · 2026Pooled it
- Factors influencing antiretroviral therapy adherence among youth living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- 2025 US Public Health Service Guidelines for the Management of Occupational Exposures to Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Recommendations for Post-exposure Prophylaxis in Healthcare Settings.Infection control and hospital epidemiology · 2025Guideline
- Pooled it
- Effects of a Faith-Based, Multilevel Intervention on HIV-Related Stigma and HIV Knowledge Among African American Church-Affiliated Populations.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Trial
- Evaluating B/F/TAF at the first HIV-specialist appointment in antiretroviral naive persons living with HIV: the bifast study.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Longitudinal Trajectories of Engagement With HIV Treatment Support Strategies Among Female Sex Workers Living With HIV in South Africa.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2025Trial
- Efficacy of CHAMPS for Improving Viral Suppression: A Randomised Clinical Trial.AIDS and behavior · 2025Trial
- Increasing Sustained Viral Suppression Among Youth Living with HIV: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Stepped Care Intervention.AIDS and behavior · 2025Trial
- A Remote Intervention Based on mHealth and Community Health Workers for Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence in People With HIV: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR formative research · 2025Trial
- The effect of a combined mHealth and community health worker intervention on HIV self-management.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA · 2025Trial
- Effect of a Male-Targeted Digital Decision Support Application Aimed at Increasing Linkage to HIV Care Among Men: Findings from the HITS Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial in Rural South Africa.AIDS and behavior · 2025Trial
- Technology-Based Interventions, with a Stepped Care Approach, for Reducing Sexual Risk Behaviors and Increasing PrEP Initiation Among Transgender and Gender Expansive Youth and Young Adults.AIDS and behavior · 2024Trial
- Examining the Accuracy of Self-Reported Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Using a Visual Analog Scale Among Opioid-Dependent People Living with HIV.AIDS and behavior · 2024Trial
- Including the Household: Individual, Community and Household Factors Affecting Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence After ART Initiation in Cape Town, South Africa.AIDS and behavior · 2024Trial
- A Web-Based Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Intervention (Thrive With Me) in a Community-Recruited Sample of Sexual Minority Men Living With HIV: Results of a Randomized Controlled Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2024Trial
- Behavioral Modeling and its Association with PrEP and ART Use in Ugandan HIV-Serodifferent Couples.AIDS and behavior · 2024Trial
- Pre-exposure prophylaxis adherence and risks of HIV and sexually transmitted infection among adult men before vs during the COVID-19 pandemic.Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2026Article
- HIV Knowledge Deficits in Youth Living with HIV: Missed Opportunities for Education and Engagement.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
3,720 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
36 authors at 20 institutions in 8 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAntiretroviral therapy that reduces viral replication could limit the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in serodiscordant couples.
methodsIn nine countries, we enrolled 1763 couples in which one partner was HIV-1-positive and the other was HIV-1-negative; 54% of the subjects were from Africa, and 50% of infected partners were men. HIV-1-infected subjects with CD4 counts between 350 and 550 cells per cubic millimeter were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive antiretroviral therapy either immediately (early therapy) or after a decline in the CD4 count or the onset of HIV-1-related symptoms (delayed therapy). The primary prevention end point was linked HIV-1 transmission in HIV-1-negative partners. The primary clinical end point was the earliest occurrence of pulmonary tuberculosis, severe bacterial infection, a World Health Organization stage 4 event, or death.
resultsAs of February 21, 2011, a total of 39 HIV-1 transmissions were observed (incidence rate, 1.2 per 100 person-years; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.9 to 1.7); of these, 28 were virologically linked to the infected partner (incidence rate, 0.9 per 100 person-years, 95% CI, 0.6 to 1.3). Of the 28 linked transmissions, only 1 occurred in the early-therapy group (hazard ratio, 0.04; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.27; P<0.001). Subjects receiving early therapy had fewer treatment end points (hazard ratio, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.40 to 0.88; P=0.01).
conclusionsThe early initiation of antiretroviral therapy reduced rates of sexual transmission of HIV-1 and clinical events, indicating both personal and public health benefits from such therapy. (Funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and others; HPTN 052 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00074581.).
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.