ArticleScience (New York, N.Y.)2011
Precise manipulation of chromosomes in vivo enables genome-wide codon replacement.
Article in Science (New York, N.Y.), 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 258 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
258 citing papers in PubMed.
- Advances in large DNA fragment assembly for microbial cell factory engineering.Quantitative biology (Beijing, China) · 2026Review
- Probing the limits of genetic recoding using multi-omics-guided evolution.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Genome editing of phylogenetically distinct bacteria using cross-species retron-mediated recombineering.Nature biotechnology · 2026Article
- Synthetic Biology of Plants and Microbes for Agriculture, Environment, and Future Applications.Chemical reviews · 2026Review
- Article
- Article
- The design and engineering of synthetic genomes.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2025Review
- Expanding the genetic code: In vivo approaches for incorporating non-proteinogenic monomers.Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea) · 2025Review
- Article
- Genetic Code Expansion: Recent Developments and Emerging Applications.Chemical reviews · 2025Review
- Quadruplet codon decoding-based versatile genetic biocontainment system.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- From reading to writing genomes: a new direction in ELSI.Frontiers in genetics · 2025Article
- A genetically encoded anomalous SAXS ruler to probe the dimensions of intrinsically disordered proteins.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Reaching New Heights in Genetic Code Manipulation with High Throughput Screening.Chemical reviews · 2024Review
- Seamless site-directed mutagenesis in complex cloned DNA sequences using the RedEx method.Nature protocols · 2024Review
- Simultaneous multi-site editing of individual genomes using retron arrays.Nature chemical biology · 2024Article
- Cracking the Code: Reprogramming the Genetic Script in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes to Harness the Power of Noncanonical Amino Acids.Chemical reviews · 2024Review
- Cellular Site-Specific Incorporation of Noncanonical Amino Acids in Synthetic Biology.Chemical reviews · 2024Review
- Genome engineering on size reduction and complexity simplification: A review.Journal of advanced research · 2024Review
- Recent advances in genome-scale engineering inEngineering microbiology · 2024Review
198 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
Abstract
We present genome engineering technologies that are capable of fundamentally reengineering genomes from the nucleotide to the megabase scale. We used multiplex automated genome engineering (MAGE) to site-specifically replace all 314 TAG stop codons with synonymous TAA codons in parallel across 32 Escherichia coli strains. This approach allowed us to measure individual recombination frequencies, confirm viability for each modification, and identify associated phenotypes. We developed hierarchical conjugative assembly genome engineering (CAGE) to merge these sets of codon modifications into genomes with 80 precise changes, which demonstrate that these synonymous codon substitutions can be combined into higher-order strains without synthetic lethal effects. Our methods treat the chromosome as both an editable and an evolvable template, permitting the exploration of vast genetic landscapes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.