ArticleThe American journal of pathology2011
Overexpression of the β subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin promotes the transformation of human ovarian epithelial cells and ovarian tumorigenesis.
Article in The American journal of pathology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Serum β-hCG Combined with Traditional Tumor Markers Improves Detection Efficacy and Prognostic Prediction in Cholangiocarcinoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Gallbladder Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Diffuse β-hCG Expression: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2025Review
- "Is the incidence of non-epithelial ovarian tumors on the rise? insights from a Tunisian tertiary center".Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Aberrant trophoblastic differentiation in human cancer: An emerging novel therapeutic target (Review).Oncology reports · 2024Review
- Current strategies for early epithelial ovarian cancer detection using miRNA as a potential tool.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2024Review
- Progesterone limits the tumor-promoting effects of the beta-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin via non-nuclear receptors.iScience · 2022Article
- The Breast Cancer Protooncogenes HER2, BRCA1 and BRCA2 and Their Regulation by the iNOS/NOS2 Axis.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Human Chorionic Gonadotropin-Mediated Induction of Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation and Differentiation.Cells · 2021Article
- Unconventional Actions of Glycoprotein Hormone Subunits: A Comprehensive Review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Review
- Mucinous Cancer of the Ovary: Overview and Current Status.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- LncRNA TPT1-AS1 promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis in epithelial ovarian cancer by inducing TPT1 expression.Cancer science · 2019Article
- β-hCG promotes epithelial ovarian cancer metastasis through ERK/MMP2 signaling pathway.Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) · 2019Article
- hCG production by mucinous adenocarcinoma of the ovary in a reproductive aged woman.Gynecologic oncology reports · 2018Article
- BRCA1 regulation on β-hCG: a mechanism for tumorigenicity in BRCA1 defective breast cancer.Oncogenesis · 2017Article
- Human chorionic gonadotropin β regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis in human ovarian cancer.Oncology reports · 2017Article
- TGF-β-induced hCG-β regulates redox homeostasis in glioma cells.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2015Article
- CGB activates ERK and AKT kinases in cancer cells via LHCGR-independent mechanism.Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine · 2014Article
- Screening of feature genes of the ovarian cancer epithelia with DNA microarray.Journal of ovarian research · 2013Article
- Gonadotropins activate oncogenic pathways to enhance proliferation in normal mouse ovarian surface epithelium.International journal of molecular sciences · 2013Article
- Vaccination with the repeat β-hCG C-terminal peptide carried by heat shock protein-65 (HSP65) for inducing antitumor effects.Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Ovarian carcinoma is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy, however underlying molecular events remain elusive. Expression of human chorionic gonadotropin β subunit (β-hCG) is clinically significant for both trophoblastic and nontrophoblastic cancers; however, whether β-hCG facilitates ovarian epithelial cell tumorigenic potential remains uncharacterized. Immortalized nontumorigenic ovarian epithelial T29 and T80 cells stably overexpressing β-hCG were examined for alterations in cell cycle and apoptotic status by flow cytometry, expression of proteins regulating cell cycle and apoptosis by Western blot, proliferation status by MTT assay, anchorage-independent colony formation, and mouse tumor formation. Immunoreactivity for β-hCG was evaluated using mouse xenografts and on human normal ovarian, fallopian tube, endometrium, and ovarian carcinoma tissues. T29 and T80 cells overexpressing β-hCG demonstrated significantly increased proliferation, anchorage-independent colony formation, prosurvival Bcl-X(L) protein expression, G2-checkpoint progression, elevated cyclins E/D1 and Cdk 2/4/6, and decreased apoptosis. Collectively, these transformational alterations in phenotype facilitated increased xenograft tumorigenesis (P < 0.05). Furthermore, β-hCG immunoreactivity was elevated in malignant ovarian tumors, compared with normal epithelial expression in ovaries, fallopian tube, and endometrium (P < 0.001). Our data indicate that elevated β-hCG transforms ovarian surface epithelial cells, facilitating proliferation, cell cycle progression, and attenuated apoptosis to promote tumorigenesis. Our results further decipher the functional role and molecular mechanism of β-hCG in ovarian carcinoma. β-hCG may contribute to ovarian cancer etiology, which introduces a new therapeutic intervention target for ovarian cancer.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.