Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21763642›Full record

ArticleBrain research2011

Neural substrates of time perception and impulsivity.

Marc Wittmann, Alan N Simmons, Taru Flagan, Scott D Lane, Jiří Wackermann, Martin P Paulus

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Brain research, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
51citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

51 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
  3. Hypnotizability and Time Reproduction.Cerebellum (London, England) · 2026
    Article
  4. Time, space, memory and brain-body rhythms.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2026
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. When the Heart Meets the Mind: Exploring the Brain-Heart Interaction during Time Perception.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2024
    Article
  11. Neural Correlates of Trait Impulsivity among Adult Healthy Individuals.Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2024
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. The Self-Simulational Theory of temporal extension.Neuroscience of consciousness · 2023
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Marc WittmannDepartment of Empirical and Analytical Psychophysics, Institute for Frontier Areas of Psychology and Mental Health, Freiburg, Germany. wittmann@igpp.de
Alan N Simmons
Taru Flagan
Scott D Lane
Jiří Wackermann
Martin P Paulus

Funding

NEUROBIOLOGY OF TRANSITION TO STIMULANT DEPENDENCER01DA016663 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI PAULUS, MARTIN P. · 2004 to 2010
$2.8M
STIMULANT DEPENDENCE: NEURAL MECHANISMS OF RELAPSER01DA018307 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI PAULUS, MARTIN P. · 2004 to 2008
$1.3M
Neural Correlates of Alcohol Effects on Aggressive BehaviorR01AA016965 · NIAAA · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCI CTR HOUSTON · PI LANE, SCOTT D · 2008 to 2011
$1.1M
Mechanisms in Risk Taking: Disinhibitory Drugs of AbuseR01DA015392 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCI CTR HOUSTON · PI LANE, SCOTT D · 2002 to 2006
$924k
Time processing in stimulant users: Impulsivity and temporal discountingR03DA020687 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI PAULUS, MARTIN P. · 2007 to 2008
$153k
NIAAA NIH HHS R01 AA016965NIAAA NIH HHS R01AA016965NIDA NIH HHS 1R03DA020687-01A1NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA015392NIDA NIH HHS R01DA015392NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA016663NIDA NIH HHS R01DA016663NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA018307NIDA NIH HHS R01DA018307NIDA NIH HHS R03 DA020687
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Several studies provide empirical evidence for the association between impulsivity and time perception. However, little is known about the neural substrates underlying this function. This investigation examined the influence of impulsivity on neural activation patterns during the encoding and reproduction of intervals with durations of 3, 9 and 18s using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Twenty-seven subjects participated in this study, including 15 high impulsive subjects that were classified based on their self-rating. FMRI activation during the duration reproduction task was correlated with measures of two self-report questionnaires related to the concept of impulsivity (Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, BIS; Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, ZTPI). Behaviorally, those individuals who under-reproduced temporal intervals also showed lower scores on the ZTPI future perspective subscale and higher scores on the BIS. FMRI activation revealed an accumulating pattern of neural activity peaking at the end of the 9- and 18-s intervals within right posterior insula. Activations of brain regions during the reproduction phase of the timing task, such as those related to motor execution as well as to the 'core control network' - encompassing the inferior frontal and medial frontal cortices, the anterior insula as well as the inferior parietal cortex - were significantly correlated with reproduced duration, as well as with BIS and ZTPI subscales. In particular, the greater activation in these regions the shorter were the reproduced intervals, the more impulsive was an individual and the less pronounced the future perspective. Activation in the core control network, thus, may form a biological marker for cognitive time management and for impulsiveness.

Indexed as

Brain MappingAdolescentBrainFemaleHumansImage Processing, Computer-AssistedImpulsive BehaviorMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleNeuropsychological TestsOxygenPersonality InventoryReaction TimeSelf ReportSurveys and QuestionnairesTime FactorsOxygen

Identifiers

PMID21763642
PMCPMC3145046

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.