Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21762748›Full record

ArticleVaccine2011

Defective interfering influenza virus confers only short-lived protection against influenza virus disease: evidence for a role for adaptive immunity in DI virus-mediated protection in vivo.

Paul D Scott, Bo Meng, Anthony C Marriott, Andrew J Easton, Nigel J Dimmock

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Vaccine, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
28citing papers in PubMed
1.4field-weighted citation impact, top 19% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

28 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. A Virus Is a Community: Diversity within Negative-Sense RNA Virus Populations.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2022
    Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Quantifying between-Host Transmission in Influenza Virus Infections.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2020
    Review
  11. Inhibition of Nipah Virus by Defective Interfering Particles.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2020
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Paul D ScottSchool of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
Bo Meng
Anthony C Marriott
Andrew J Easton
Nigel J Dimmock
University of Warwick · GB

Funding

Medical Research Council G0600832Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We have shown earlier that a single dose of cloned defective interfering (DI) influenza A virus strongly protects mice from disease following a lethal challenge with different subtypes of influenza A virus. These animals suffered no clinical disease but experienced a subclinical infection which rendered them immune to reinfection with the same challenge virus. However, little is known about how DI virus achieves such protection. Here we investigated the role of adaptive immunity in DI virus-mediated protection using severe-combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice, which lack competence in both B- and T-cell compartments but retain NK cell activity. SCID mice which were treated with DI virus and infected with influenza virus initially remained completely well, while infected litter mates that received UV-inactivated DI virus became seriously ill and died. However, after 10 days of good health, the DI virus-protected SCID mice developed a clinical disease that was similar, but not completely identical, to the acute influenza disease. Disease was delayed longer by a higher dose of DI virus. We excluded the possibilities that the DI virus load in the lungs had declined, that the DI RNA sequence had changed so that it no longer interfered with the infectious genome, or that infectious virus had become resistant to the DI virus. These data show that while DI virus provides full protection from the acute disease in the absence of adaptive immunity, that same immunity is essential for clearing the infection. This indicates that the conventional view that DI virus-induced protection is mediated solely by competition for replication with the challenge virus is incorrect for influenza virus.

Indexed as

Adaptive ImmunityAnimalsB-LymphocytesDefective VirusesInfluenza A virusInfluenza VaccinesKiller Cells, NaturalLungMiceMice, Inbred BALB CMice, Inbred C3HMice, SCIDOrthomyxoviridae InfectionsT-LymphocytesViral LoadInfluenza Vaccines

Identifiers

PMID21762748
PMCPMC3163266
OpenAlexW2067832820

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.