ArticleBMC infectious diseases2011
High rates of all-cause and gastroenteritis-related hospitalization morbidity and mortality among HIV-exposed Indian infants.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Mortality risk and associated factors in HIV-exposed, uninfected children.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2016Pooled it
- Morbidity in relation to feeding mode in African HIV-exposed, uninfected infants during the first 6 mo of life: the Kesho Bora study.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2014Trial
- Maternal HIV Infection and Antiretroviral Therapy in Pregnancy: Implications for Vertical Transmission, Fetal Safety, and Long-Term Infant Outcomes.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- A Prospective Study of the Medication Regimen Complexity Index and Hospitalization Due to Adverse Drug Reactions Among People Living with HIV.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Dynamics of the infant gut microbiota in the first 18 months of life: the impact of maternal HIV infection and breastfeeding.Microbiome · 2022Article
- Incidence of Mortality among Under-Five-Year-Old Children Born to Women Living with HIV and Those Born to Women Not Living with HIV in Botswana: A 5-Year Retrospective Study.AIDS research and treatment · 2022Article
- Lymphocyte Subsets in HIV-Exposed Uninfected Infants: The Impact of Neonatal Postexposure Prophylaxis With Zidovudine.Open forum infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Peripheral blood mononuclear cell transcriptomes reveal an over-representation of down-regulated genes associated with immunity in HIV-exposed uninfected infants.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Predictors of mortality among HIV exposed infants at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2019Article
- Safety and Immunogenicity of Measles Vaccination in HIV-Infected and HIV-Exposed Uninfected Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.EClinicalMedicine · 2018Article
- Contribution of Maternal Antiretroviral Therapy and Breastfeeding to 24-Month Survival in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Exposed Uninfected Children: An Individual Pooled Analysis of African and Asian Studies.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2018Article
- Breastfeeding Is Associated with Decreased Risk of Hospitalization among HIV-Exposed, Uninfected Kenyan Infants.Journal of human lactation : official journal of International Lactation Consultant Association · 2016Article
- Linking Susceptibility to Infectious Diseases to Immune System Abnormalities among HIV-Exposed Uninfected Infants.Frontiers in immunology · 2016Review
- The Immune System of HIV-Exposed Uninfected Infants.Frontiers in immunology · 2016Review
- Outcomes and linkage to chronic care of HIV exposed infants among health centers and hospitals in Amhara Region, Ethiopia: implications to prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV program: a cross sectional study.The Pan African medical journal · 2016Article
- Risk factors for incomplete immunization in children with HIV infection.Indian journal of pediatrics · 2014Article
- Impact of maternal HIV-1 viremia on lymphocyte subsets among HIV-exposed uninfected infants: protective mechanism or immunodeficiency.BMC infectious diseases · 2014Article
- HIV-exposed uninfected children: a growing population with a vulnerable immune system?Clinical and experimental immunology · 2014Review
- Reasons for hospitalization in HIV-infected children in West Africa.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2014Article
- Antibody responses to vaccination among South African HIV-exposed and unexposed uninfected infants during the first 2 years of life.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHIV-infected and HIV-exposed, uninfected infants experience a high burden of infectious morbidity and mortality. Hospitalization is an important metric for morbidity and is associated with high mortality, yet, little is known about rates and causes of hospitalization among these infants in the first 12 months of life.
methodsUsing data from a prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) trial (India SWEN), where HIV-exposed breastfed infants were given extended nevirapine, we measured 12-month infant all-cause and cause-specific hospitalization rates and hospitalization risk factors.
resultsAmong 737 HIV-exposed Indian infants, 93 (13%) were HIV-infected, 15 (16%) were on HAART, and 260 (35%) were hospitalized 381 times by 12 months of life. Fifty-six percent of the hospitalizations were attributed to infections; gastroenteritis was most common accounting for 31% of infectious hospitalizations. Gastrointestinal-related hospitalizations steadily increased over time, peaking around 9 months. The 12-month all-cause hospitalization, gastroenteritis-related hospitalization, and in-hospital mortality rates were 906/1000 PY, 229/1000 PY, and 35/1000 PY respectively among HIV-infected infants and 497/1000 PY, 107/1000 PY, and 3/1000 PY respectively among HIV-exposed, uninfected infants. Advanced maternal age, infant HIV infection, gestational age, and male sex were associated with higher all-cause hospitalization risk while shorter duration of breastfeeding and abrupt weaning were associated with gastroenteritis-related hospitalization.
conclusionsHIV-exposed Indian infants experience high rates of all-cause and infectious hospitalization (particularly gastroenteritis) and in-hospital mortality. HIV-infected infants are nearly 2-fold more likely to experience hospitalization and 10-fold more likely to die compared to HIV-exposed, uninfected infants. The combination of scaling up HIV PMTCT programs and implementing proven health measures against infections could significantly reduce hospitalization morbidity and mortality among HIV-exposed Indian infants.
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