ArticleParasites & vectors2011
Occurrence of Babesia spp., Rickettsia spp. and Bartonella spp. in Ixodes ricinus in Bavarian public parks, Germany.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 67 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
67 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Infection rates, species diversity, and distribution of zoonotic Babesia parasites in ticks: a global systematic review and meta-analysis.Parasitology research · 2022Pooled it
- Europe-Wide Meta-Analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato Prevalence in Questing Ixodes ricinus Ticks.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2017Pooled it
- Surveillance of tick-borne pathogens in ticks collected from Swiss residents.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Zoonotic Pathogens inPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Genome-Wide Association Reveals Signalling-Linked Infection Tolerance in Hibernating Bats.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Diversity of Hard Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) Fauna on Green Habitats of Urban Areas in Eastern Croatia.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Analysis of ticks (Acari: Ixodida) and associated microorganisms collected on the North Sea Island of Heligoland.Parasitology research · 2025Article
- Molecular identification, genotyping and phylogenetic analysis ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens in Wild Animals and Birds from Two Rehabilitation Facilities in Greece.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Pathogens detected in ticks (Ixodes ricinus) feeding on red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris) from city parks in Warsaw.Experimental & applied acarology · 2024Article
- Sylvatic vector-borne pathogens including Cytauxzoon europaeus in the European wildcat (Felis silvestris) from southwestern Germany.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- Co-Occurrence ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Diversity of questing ticks and prevalence of tick-associated pathogens in Khao Kheow-Khao Chomphu Wildlife Sanctuary, Chon Buri, Thailand.Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2024Article
- Spotted Fever Group Rickettsiae in Ticks and Small Mammals from Grassland and Forest Habitats in Central Germany.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Nucleic Acid Prevalence of ZoonoticTropical medicine and infectious disease · 2023Review
- Hazard potential of Swiss Ixodes ricinus ticks: Virome composition and presence of selected bacterial and protozoan pathogens.PloS one · 2023Article
- Prevalence of Tick-Borne Pathogens in QuestingPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Prevalence ofMicroorganisms · 2022Article
- Prevalence and Molecular Characterization ofTropical medicine and infectious disease · 2021Article
- The specificity of Babesia-tick vector interactions: recent advances and pitfalls in molecular and field studies.Parasites & vectors · 2021Review
7 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundOnly limited information is available about the occurrence of ticks and tick-borne pathogens in public parks, which are areas strongly influenced by human beings. For this reason, Ixodes ricinus were collected in public parks of different Bavarian cities in a 2-year survey (2009 and 2010) and screened for DNA of Babesia spp., Rickettsia spp. and Bartonella spp. by PCR. Species identification was performed by sequence analysis and alignment with existing sequences in GenBank. Additionally, coinfections with Anaplasma phagocytophilum were investigated.
resultsThe following prevalences were detected: Babesia spp.: 0.4% (n = 17, including one pool of two larvae) in 2009 and 0.5 to 0.7% (n = 11, including one pool of five larvae) in 2010; Rickettsia spp.: 6.4 to 7.7% (n = 285, including 16 pools of 76 larvae) in 2009. DNA of Bartonella spp. in I. ricinus in Bavarian public parks could not be identified. Sequence analysis revealed the following species: Babesia sp. EU1 (n = 25), B. divergens (n = 1), B. divergens/capreoli (n = 1), B. gibsoni-like (n = 1), R. helvetica (n = 272), R. monacensis IrR/Munich (n = 12) and unspecified R. monacensis (n = 1). The majority of coinfections were R. helvetica with A. phagocytophilum (n = 27), but coinfections between Babesia spp. and A. phagocytophilum, or Babesia spp. and R. helvetica were also detected.
conclusionsI. ricinus ticks in urban areas of Germany harbor several tick-borne pathogens and coinfections were also observed. Public parks are of particularly great interest regarding the epidemiology of tick-borne pathogens, because of differences in both the prevalence of pathogens in ticks as well as a varying species arrangement when compared to woodland areas. The record of DNA of a Babesia gibsoni-like pathogen detected in I. ricinus suggests that I. ricinus may harbor and transmit more Babesia spp. than previously known. Because of their high recreational value for human beings, urban green areas are likely to remain in the research focus on public health issues.
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