Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21760975›Full record

ArticleThe journal of physical chemistry letters2011

Development of the CHARMM Force Field for Lipids.

R W Pastor, A D Mackerell

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The journal of physical chemistry letters, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 129 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
129citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

129 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Computational Ligand-Binding Site Prediction.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026
    Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Self-Assembled Multilayered Concentric Supraparticle Architecture.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Loss of lipid asymmetry facilitates plasma membrane blebbing by decreasing membrane lipid packing.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

69 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

R W PastorLaboratory of Computational Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.
A D Mackerell

Funding

Computer Simulations of Membranes and BiopolymersZIAHL000340 · NHLBI · NATIONAL HEART, LUNG, AND BLOOD INSTITUTE · PI PASTOR, RICHARD WALTER · 2009 to 2025
$29.1M
Polarizable Force Field for Proteins and LipidsR01GM072558 · NIGMS · WEILL MEDICAL COLLEGE OF CORNELL UNIV · PI ROUX, BENOIT · 2005 to 2023
$5.1M
Oligonucleotide Conformational HeterogeneityR01GM051501 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE · PI MACKERELL, ALEXANDER D · 2003 to 2018
$3.6M
Carbohydrate force fields for structure, dynamics and molecular recognitionR01GM070855 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE · PI MACKERELL, ALEXANDER D · 2005 to 2018
$3.5M
NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM051501NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM070855NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM072558
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The development of the CHARMM additive all-atom lipid force field (FF) is traced from the early 1990's to the most recent version (C36) published in 2010. Though simulations with early versions yielded useful results, they failed to reproduce two important quantities: a zero surface tension at the experimental bilayer surface area, and the signature splitting of the deuterium order parameters in the glycerol and upper chain carbons. Systematic optimization of parameters based on high level quantum mechanical data and free energy simulations have resolved these issues, and bilayers with a wide range of lipids can be simulated in tensionless ensembles using C36. Issues associated with other all-atom lipid FFs, success and limitations in the C36 FF and ongoing developments are also discussed.

Identifiers

PMID21760975
PMCPMC3133452

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.