ArticleGut2012
Upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage and deprivation: a nationwide cohort study of health inequality in hospital admissions.
Article in Gut, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Targeted community screening in areas of high socioeconomic deprivation enhances the detection of liver fibrosis.Hepatology communications · 2026Article
- Seasonal and Geographic Variation in Peptic Ulcer Disease and Associated Complications in the United States of America.Journal of research in health sciences · 2023Article
- Socioeconomic Disparities: A Possible Clue to a Puzzle Encompassing Organic to Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders.Journal of neurogastroenterology and motility · 2022Article
- Socioeconomic inequalities in the incidence of alcohol-related liver disease: A nationwide Danish study.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2021Article
- A Nationwide Cohort Study Shows a Sex-Dependent Change in the Trend of Peptic Ulcer Bleeding Incidence in Korea between 2006 and 2015.Gut and liver · 2021Article
- Divergent trends of hospitalizations for upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding based on population prescriptions of aspirin, proton pump inhibitors and Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy: Trends of upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding.United European gastroenterology journal · 2021Article
- Risk of major bleeding by ethnicity and socioeconomic deprivation among 488,107 people in primary care: a cohort study.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2021Article
- Acquired Refractory Iron Deficiency Anemia.Mediterranean journal of hematology and infectious diseases · 2021Review
- Comparison of various risk scores for the prognosis of hemorrhagic upper gastrointestinal mucosal disorder.International journal of emergency medicine · 2020Article
- Article
- Socioeconomic status and anterior epistaxis in adult population.World journal of otorhinolaryngology - head and neck surgery · 2018Article
- Risks and benefits of direct oral anticoagulants versus warfarin in a real world setting: cohort study in primary care.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2018Article
- Relevance of surgery in patients with non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding.Langenbeck's archives of surgery · 2017Article
- Recent advances in the management of peptic ulcer bleeding.F1000Research · 2017Review
- Anemia and iron deficiency in gastrointestinal and liver conditions.World journal of gastroenterology · 2016Review
- Upper gastrointestinal bleeding in Scotland 2000-2010: Improved outcomes but a significant weekend effect.World journal of gastroenterology · 2015Article
- Predicting risk of upper gastrointestinal bleed and intracranial bleed with anticoagulants: cohort study to derive and validate the QBleed scores.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2014Article
- Prevention of upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage: current controversies and clinical guidance.Therapeutic advances in chronic disease · 2013Article
- Should we enhance the commonly used deprivation index for a regional context?Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2013Article
- Comorbidities affect risk of nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding.Gastroenterology · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveInequalities in health are well recognized in cardiovascular disease and cancer, but in comparison, we have minimal understanding for upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Since furthering our understanding of such inequality signposts preventable disease, we investigated in detail the association between upper gastrointestinal bleeding and socioeconomic status.
designPopulation-based cohort study.
settingAll English National Health Service hospitals. POPULATION: English adult population, 1 January 2001 to 31 December 2007. EXPOSURE MEASURES: Deprivation scores defined according to quintiles of neighbourhood areas ranked by the Indices of Multiple Deprivation for England 2007. OUTCOME MEASURES: Rates of all adult admissions coded with a primary diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal bleed were analysed by deprivation quintile and adjusted for age, sex, region and year using Poisson regression.
resultsThe annual hospitalization rate for non-variceal haemorrhage was 84.6 per 100,000 population (95% CI 83.5 to 84.1; n=237,145), and for variceal haemorrhage, it was 2.83 per 100,000 population (95% CI 2.87 to 2.99; n=8291). There was a twofold increase in the hospitalization rate ratio for non-variceal haemorrhage from the most deprived areas compared to the least deprived (2.00, 95% CI 1.98 to 2.03). The ratio for variceal haemorrhage was even more pronounced (2.49, 95% CI 2.32 to 2.67). Inequality increased over the study period (non-variceal p<0.0001, variceal p=0.0068), and adjusting for age and sex increased the disparity between deprived and affluent areas. Case fatality did not have a similar socioeconomic gradient.
conclusionBoth variceal and non-variceal haemorrhage hospitalization rates increased with deprivation, and there was a similar gradient in all areas of the country and in all age bands. The existence of such a steep gradient suggests that there are opportunities to reduce hospitalizations down to the low rates seen in the most affluent, and thus, there is the potential to prevent almost 10,000 admissions and over 1000 deaths a year.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.