Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21753854›Full record

ArticleNature2011

Selective killing of cancer cells by a small molecule targeting the stress response to ROS.

Lakshmi Raj, Takao Ide, Aditi U Gurkar, Michael Foley, Monica Schenone, Xiaoyu Li, Nicola J Tolliday, Todd R Golub, Steven A Carr, Alykhan F Shamji and 4 more

RetractedErratum issuedAbstract readRetracted Publication
In one paragraph

Article in Nature, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 453 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
453citing papers in PubMed
132.7field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

453 citing papers in PubMed, 1,028 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Migrasomes: A Novel Target for Cancer Treatment.Current cancer drug targets · 2026
    Review
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Iron-Catalyzed Carbonylation Reactions with Carbon Monoxide.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2025
    Review
  7. Article
  8. Herbicidal Activity and Metabolic Profiling ofJournal of agricultural and food chemistry · 2025
    Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Combination ofFrontiers in pharmacology · 2024
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

393 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Lakshmi RajCutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Building 149 13th Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA.
Takao Ide
Aditi U Gurkar
Michael Foley
Monica Schenone
Xiaoyu Li
Nicola J Tolliday
Todd R Golub
Steven A Carr
Alykhan F Shamji
Andrew M Stern
Anna Mandinova
Stuart L Schreiber
Sam W Lee
Broad Institute · USMassachusetts General Hospital · USHarvard University · US

Funding

Pilot & Feasibility ProgramP30DK043351 · NIDDK · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI RAYMOND T CHUNG · 1991 to 2026
$35.3M
PW1--A mediator of cell survival by NFKB and cell death by p53P01CA080058 · NCI · MOUNT SINAI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE OF NYU · PI AARONSON, STUART A · 2000 to 2016
$20.2M
Discovery Pipeline (2 of 4)RL1CA133834 · NCI · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI GOLUB, TODD R. · 2007 to 2011
$9.9M
Driving Medical Projects (4 of 4)RL1GM084437 · NIGMS · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI SCOLNICK, EDWARD MARK · 2007 to 2011
$5.9M
Target ID (3 of 4)RL1HG004671 · NHGRI · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI SCHREIBER, STUART L · 2007 to 2011
$5.8M
Targeting Causal Cancer Genes with Small MoleculesRC2CA148399 · NCI · BROAD INSTITUTE, INC. · PI SCHREIBER, STUART L · 2009 to 2012
$5.2M
Cyclin G in p53 mediated pathways and breast cancerR01CA085681 · NCI · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI LEE, SAM W · 2001 to 2011
$2.6M
Role of an unusual GTPase in DNA damage response and carcinogenesisR01CA127247 · NCI · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI LEE, SAM W · 2008 to 2012
$1.7M
Targeting ROS by a p53-activating agent for selective killing of cancer cellsR01CA142805 · NCI · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI LEE, SAM W · 2010 to 2014
$1.7M
Genomics Based Drug DiscoveryUL1RR024924 · NCRR · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI SCOLNICK, EDWARD MARK · 2007 to 2007
$352k
Howard Hughes Medical InstituteNCI NIH HHS 5 RC2 CA148399-02NCI NIH HHS CA080058NCI NIH HHS CA085681NCI NIH HHS CA127247NCI NIH HHS CA142805NCI NIH HHS N01 CO012400NCI NIH HHS P01 CA080058NCI NIH HHS R01 CA085681NCI NIH HHS R01 CA127247NCI NIH HHS R01 CA142805NCI NIH HHS RC2 CA148399NCI NIH HHS RL1 CA133834NCI NIH HHS RL1CA133834NCRR NIH HHS UL1 RR024924NCRR NIH HHS UL1RR024924NHGRI NIH HHS RL1 HG004671NHGRI NIH HHS RL1HG004671NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK043351NIGMS NIH HHS RL1 GM084437NIGMS NIH HHS RL1GM084437
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Malignant transformation, driven by gain-of-function mutations in oncogenes and loss-of-function mutations in tumour suppressor genes, results in cell deregulation that is frequently associated with enhanced cellular stress (for example, oxidative, replicative, metabolic and proteotoxic stress, and DNA damage). Adaptation to this stress phenotype is required for cancer cells to survive, and consequently cancer cells may become dependent upon non-oncogenes that do not ordinarily perform such a vital function in normal cells. Thus, targeting these non-oncogene dependencies in the context of a transformed genotype may result in a synthetic lethal interaction and the selective death of cancer cells. Here we used a cell-based small-molecule screening and quantitative proteomics approach that resulted in the unbiased identification of a small molecule that selectively kills cancer cells but not normal cells. Piperlongumine increases the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptotic cell death in both cancer cells and normal cells engineered to have a cancer genotype, irrespective of p53 status, but it has little effect on either rapidly or slowly dividing primary normal cells. Significant antitumour effects are observed in piperlongumine-treated mouse xenograft tumour models, with no apparent toxicity in normal mice. Moreover, piperlongumine potently inhibits the growth of spontaneously formed malignant breast tumours and their associated metastases in mice. Our results demonstrate the ability of a small molecule to induce apoptosis selectively in cells that have a cancer genotype, by targeting a non-oncogene co-dependency acquired through the expression of the cancer genotype in response to transformation-induced oxidative stress.

Indexed as

AnimalsApoptosisBreast NeoplasmsCell LineCell Line, TumorCell Transformation, NeoplasticComet AssayDioxolanesDNA DamageGenotypeMiceNeoplasm MetastasisOxidative StressPiperidonesReactive Oxygen SpeciesSmall Molecule LibrariesDioxolanesPiperidonespiperlongumineReactive Oxygen SpeciesSmall Molecule Libraries

Identifiers

PMID21753854
PMCPMC3316487
OpenAlexW2010023860

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.