ArticleNeurology2011
Hemoglobin level in older persons and incident Alzheimer disease: prospective cohort analysis.
Article in Neurology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 136 citations in OpenAlex.
- A narrative review of challenges faced by informal caregivers of people with dementia in the Middle East and North Africa.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Association of Peripheral Blood Cell Profile With Alzheimer's Disease: A Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Pooled it
- Respiratory training as strategy to prevent cognitive decline in aging: a randomized controlled trial.Clinical interventions in aging · 2015Trial
- Higher Prevalence of Cognitive Impairment in Residents of High-Altitude Regions.Oxygen (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Anemia and Blood Biomarkers of Alzheimer Disease in Dementia Development.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- The role of neutrophils, red blood cells, and platelets in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease.Annals of medicine · 2025Review
- Unraveling the Mystery of Hemoglobin in Hypoxia-Accelerated Neurodegenerative Diseases.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Bidirectional relationship between anemia and cognitive function in middle-aged and older Chinese adults: a longitudinal study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Association of red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration, and inflammatory indices with cognitive impairment severity in Alzheimer's disease.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Associations between preoperative cerebral white matter microstructural changes and neurodevelopmental deficits in CHD infants: a diffusion tensor imaging study.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Mixture Disease Progression Model to Predict and Cluster the Long-Term Trajectory of Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer's Disease.Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science · 2025Article
- Clinical implication of anemia in older patients with dementia with lewy bodies.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2025Article
- Machine learning models for dementia screening to classify brain amyloid positivity on positron emission tomography using blood markers and demographic characteristics: a retrospective observational study.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2025Observational
- Relationships of hematocrit concentration with dementia from a multiethnic population-based study.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Article
- Hemoglobin-to-red blood cell distribution width ratio: a new insight into cognitive protection for obese individuals.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Explainable AI and transformer models: Unraveling the nutritional influences on Alzheimer's disease mortality.Smart health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2024Article
- Preoperative serum cortisone levels are associated with cognition in preschool-aged children with tetralogy of Fallot after corrective surgery: new evidence from human populations and mice.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2024Article
- Relationships of Hematocrit With Chronic Covert and Acute Symptomatic Lacunar Ischemic Lesions.Neurology · 2024Observational
- Anemia-associated smaller brain volume and sex differences: a cross-sectional study of magnetic resonance imaging in brain health checkups.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2024Article
- Neurotoxic β-amyloid oligomers cause mitochondrial dysfunction-the trigger for PANoptosis in neurons.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2024Review
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo test the hypothesis that level of hemoglobin is associated with incident Alzheimer disease (AD).
methodsA total of 881 community-dwelling older persons participating in the Rush Memory and Aging Project without dementia and a measure of hemoglobin level underwent annual cognitive assessments and clinical evaluations for AD.
resultsDuring an average of 3.3 years of follow-up, 113 persons developed AD. In a Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for age, sex, and education, there was a nonlinear relationship between baseline level of hemoglobin such that higher and lower levels of hemoglobin were associated with AD risk (hazard ratio [HR] for the quadratic of hemoglobin 1.06, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-1.11). Findings were unchanged after controlling for multiple covariates. When compared to participants with clinically normal hemoglobin (n = 717), participants with anemia (n = 154) had a 60% increased hazard for developing AD (95% CI 1.02-2.52), as did participants with clinically high hemoglobin (n = 10, HR 3.39, 95% CI 1.25-9.20). Linear mixed-effects models showed that lower and higher hemoglobin levels were associated with a greater rate of global cognitive decline (parameter estimate for quadratic of hemoglobin = -0.008, SE -0.002, p < 0.001). Compared to participants with clinically normal hemoglobin, participants with anemia had a -0.061 z score unit annual decline in global cognitive function (SE 0.012, p < 0.001), as did participants with clinically high hemoglobin (-0.090 unit/year, SE 0.038, p = 0.018).
conclusionsIn older persons without dementia, both lower and higher hemoglobin levels are associated with an increased hazard for developing AD and more rapid cognitive decline.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.