ReviewPharmacological reviews2011
Exploring the neuroimmunopharmacology of opioids: an integrative review of mechanisms of central immune signaling and their implications for opioid analgesia.
Review in Pharmacological reviews, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 198 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
198 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 385 citations in OpenAlex.
- Childhood neurodevelopment after prescription of maintenance methadone for opioid dependency in pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Developmental medicine and child neurology · 2019Pooled it
- Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation to Improve the Dysfunction of Descending Pain Modulatory System Related to Opioids in Chronic Non-cancer Pain: An Integrative Review of Neurobiology and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2019Pooled it
- A family-oriented psychosocial intervention reduces inflammation in low-SES African American youth.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2014Trial
- Opposing Ageing-Related Transcriptomic Profiles Distinguish Opioid Exposure Liability From Dependence Liability.Cureus · 2026Article
- Substance abuse and inflammation: consequences beyond the brain.Trends in immunology · 2026Review
- Review
- Kratom (Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Molecular and Cellular Mechanism of Acupuncture: Neuro-Immune Interactions Based on Endogenous Opioid System.Chinese journal of integrative medicine · 2026Review
- BTP2, a store-operated calcium channel inhibitor, attenuates morphine antinociceptive tolerance in rats.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- Neuroimaging epicenters and the related neurobiological signatures in patients with postherpetic neuralgia.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Article
- Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Burn-Injury Induced Pain: From Inflammation to Epigenetics.Military medicine · 2025Review
- TLRs/PI3K/AKT1B Signaling Pathway Is Involved in Modulation of Neuroinflammation in the Rat Hippocampus by Alpha-pinene in Morphine-dependent and Withdrawing Rats.Neurochemical research · 2025Article
- Hyperbaric oxygen treatment attenuates naloxone-precipitated opioid withdrawal behaviors and alters microglial activity in male and female mice.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Serotonin release mediates analgesia via opioidergic system and withdrawal symptoms in chronic kratom extract-treated mice.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2025Article
- Article
- Mu-Opioid Receptor (MOR) Dependence of Pain in Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2024Article
- Immune response and cytokine profiles in post-laminectomy pain syndrome: comparative analysis after treatment with intrathecal opioids, oral opioids, and non-opioid therapies.Inflammopharmacology · 2024Article
- Methadone directly impairs central nervous system cells in vitro.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The effect of cannabinoid type 2 receptor agonist on morphine tolerance.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2024Review
- Dorsal hippocampal astrocytes mediate the development of heroin withdrawal-enhanced fear learning.Psychopharmacology · 2024Article
138 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Vastly stimulated by the discovery of opioid receptors in the early 1970s, preclinical and clinical research was directed at the study of stereoselective neuronal actions of opioids, especially those played in their crucial analgesic role. However, during the past decade, a new appreciation of the non-neuronal actions of opioids has emerged from preclinical research, with specific appreciation for the nonclassic and nonstereoselective sites of action. Opioid activity at Toll-like receptors, newly recognized innate immune pattern recognition receptors, adds substantially to this unfolding story. It is now apparent from molecular and rodent data that these newly identified signaling events significantly modify the pharmacodynamics of opioids by eliciting proinflammatory reactivity from glia, the immunocompetent cells of the central nervous system. These central immune signaling events, including the release of cytokines and chemokines and the associated disruption of glutamate homeostasis, cause elevated neuronal excitability, which subsequently decreases opioid analgesic efficacy and leads to heightened pain states. This review will examine the current preclinical literature of opioid-induced central immune signaling mediated by classic and nonclassic opioid receptors. A unification of the preclinical pharmacology, neuroscience, and immunology of opioids now provides new insights into common mechanisms of chronic pain, naive tolerance, analgesic tolerance, opioid-induced hyperalgesia, and allodynia. Novel pharmacological targets for future drug development are discussed in the hope that disease-modifying chronic pain treatments arising from the appreciation of opioid-induced central immune signaling may become practical.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.