ArticleCancer microenvironment : official journal of the International Cancer Microenvironment Society2011
TGF-β in the Bone Microenvironment: Role in Breast Cancer Metastases.
Article in Cancer microenvironment : official journal of the International Cancer Microenvironment Society, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Proteoglycans as Molecular Regulators of Bone Metastasis: Extracellular Matrix Remodeling, Tumor-Bone Crosstalk, Dormancy, and Therapeutic Opportunities.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- A Pan-Cancer Single-Cell Atlas to Evaluate Tumor Identity, Cell Line Concordance, and Dependency Mapping.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Low intensity vibration with zoledronate reduces musculoskeletal weakness and adiposity in estrogen deprived female mice.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Review
- Epigenetic Modulation and Bone Metastasis: Evolving Therapeutic Strategies.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Novel insights into osteocyte and inter-organ/tissue crosstalk.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- PECAM1 plays a role in the pathogenesis and treatment of bone metastases.Frontiers in genetics · 2023Article
- The bone-muscle connection in breast cancer: implications and therapeutic strategies to preserve musculoskeletal health.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2022Review
- IL-20RB mediates tumoral response to osteoclastic niches and promotes bone metastasis of lung cancer.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2022Article
- Overexpression of Lrp5 enhanced the anti-breast cancer effects of osteocytes in bone.Bone research · 2021Article
- Mechanisms Supporting the Use of Beta-Blockers for the Management of Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis.Cancers · 2021Review
- The function of microRNA-211 expression in post-fracture bone cell apoptosis involving the transforming growth factor-β/ phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling pathway.The Journal of international medical research · 2020Article
- CCL28-induced RARβ expression inhibits oral squamous cell carcinoma bone invasion.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2019Article
- Curcumin, but not curcumin-glucuronide, inhibits Smad signaling in TGFβ-dependent bone metastatic breast cancer cells and is enriched in bone compared to other tissues.The Journal of nutritional biochemistry · 2019Article
- Multi-omic analysis of signalling factors in inflammatory comorbidities.BMC bioinformatics · 2018Article
- An evaluation of TAZ and YAP crosstalk with TGFβ signalling in canine osteosarcoma suggests involvement of hippo signalling in disease progression.BMC veterinary research · 2018Article
- Bone-in-culture array as a platform to model early-stage bone metastases and discover anti-metastasis therapies.Nature communications · 2017Article
- Effects of IRF1 and IFN-β interaction on the M1 polarization of macrophages and its antitumor function.International journal of molecular medicine · 2016Article
- Oxidation of heat shock protein 60 and protein disulfide isomerase activates ERK and migration of human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2.Oncotarget · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among females worldwide. It has long been known that cancers preferentially metastasize to particular organs, and bone metastases occur in ∼70% of patients with advanced breast cancer. Breast cancer bone metastases are predominantly osteolytic and accompanied by bone destruction, bone fractures, pain, and hypercalcemia, causing severe morbidity and hospitalization. In the bone matrix, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is one of the most abundant growth factors, which is released in active form upon tumor-induced osteoclastic bone resorption. TGF-β, in turn, stimulates bone metastatic cells to secrete factors that further drive osteolytic destruction of the bone adjacent to the tumor, categorizing TGF-β as a crucial factor responsible for driving the feed-forward vicious cycle of cancer growth in bone. Moreover, TGF-β activates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, increases tumor cell invasiveness and angiogenesis and induces immunosuppression. Blocking the TGF-β signaling pathway to interrupt this vicious cycle between breast cancer and bone offers a promising target for therapeutic intervention to decrease skeletal metastasis. This review will describe the role of TGF-β in breast cancer and bone metastasis, and pre-clinical and clinical data will be evaluated for the potential use of TGF-β inhibitors in clinical practice to treat breast cancer bone metastases.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.