ArticleFrontiers in microbiology2011
Systemic effector and regulatory immune responses to chlamydial antigens in trachomatous trichiasis.
Article in Frontiers in microbiology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interferon-γ Responses to Chlamydia trachomatis Vaccine Candidate Proteins in Women With Different Chlamydia Outcomes.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Gender differences in trachomatous scarring prevalence in a formerly trachoma hyperendemic district in Tanzania.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Risk factors for the progression of trachomatous scarring in a cohort of women in a trachoma low endemic district in Tanzania.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- Immunopathogenesis of Progressive Scarring Trachoma: Results of a 4-Year Longitudinal Study in Tanzanian Children.Infection and immunity · 2020Article
- Immunofibrogenic Gene Expression Patterns in Tanzanian Children with OcularFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2017Article
- Differential frequency of NKG2C/KLRC2 deletion in distinct African populations and susceptibility to Trachoma: a new method for imputation of KLRC2 genotypes from SNP genotyping data.Human genetics · 2016Article
- Immunohistochemical Analysis of Scarring Trachoma Indicates Infiltration by Natural Killer and Undefined CD45 Negative Cells.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2016Article
- Trachoma and Ocular Chlamydial Infection in the Era of Genomics.Mediators of inflammation · 2015Review
- Genital Chlamydia trachomatis: understanding the roles of innate and adaptive immunity in vaccine research.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2014Review
- Review
- Conjunctival scarring in trachoma is associated with the HLA-C ligand of KIR and is exacerbated by heterozygosity at KIR2DL2/KIR2DL3.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2014Article
- Trachoma: protective and pathogenic ocular immune responses to Chlamydia trachomatis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2013Review
- Genome-wide identification of Chlamydia trachomatis antigens associated with trachomatous trichiasis.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2012Article
- The obligate intracellular lifestyle.Frontiers in microbiology · 2011Article
- Regulatory T cells in infection.Advances in immunology · 2011Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Trachomatous trichiasis (TT) caused by repeated or chronic ocular infection with Chlamydia trachomatis is the result of a pro-fibrotic ocular immune response. At the conjunctiva, the increased expression of both inflammatory (IL1B, TNF) and regulatory cytokines (IL10) have been associated with adverse clinical outcomes. We measured in vitro immune responses of peripheral blood to a number of chlamydial antigens. Peripheral blood effector cells (CD4, CD69, IFNγ, IL-10) and regulatory cells (CD4, CD25, FOXP3, CTLA4/GITR) were readily stimulated by C. trachomatis antigens but neither the magnitude (frequency or stimulation index) or the breadth and amount of cytokines produced in vitro [IL-5, IL-10, IL-12 (p70), IL-13, IFNγ, and TNFα] were significantly different between TT cases and their non-diseased controls. Interestingly we observed that CD4+ T cells account for <50% of the IFNγ positive cells induced following stimulation. Further investigation in individuals selected from communities where exposure to ocular infection with C. trachomatis is endemic indicated that CD3-CD56+ (classical natural killer cells) were a major early source of IFNγ production in response to C. trachomatis elementary body stimulation and that the magnitude of this response increased with age. Future efforts to unravel the contribution of the adaptive immune response to conjunctival fibrosis should focus on the early events following infection and the interaction with innate immune mediated mechanisms of inflammation in the conjunctiva.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.