Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21746807›Full record

SynthesisSchizophrenia bulletin2013

Glutamate in schizophrenia: a focused review and meta-analysis of ¹H-MRS studies.

Anouk Marsman, Martijn P van den Heuvel, Dennis W J Klomp, René S Kahn, Peter R Luijten, Hilleke E Hulshoff Pol

Open access · bronzeAbstract readMeta-AnalysisReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Schizophrenia bulletin, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 254 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
254citing papers in PubMed, 9 pooled it
10.5field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

254 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 455 citations in OpenAlex.

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194 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Anouk MarsmanDepartment of Psychiatry, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Internal address A.01.126, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands. a.marsman@umcutrecht.nl
Martijn P van den Heuvel
Dennis W J Klomp
René S Kahn
Peter R Luijten
Hilleke E Hulshoff Pol
University Medical Center Utrecht · NL

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Schizophrenia is a severe chronic psychiatric illness, characterized by hallucinations and delusions. Decreased brain volumes have been observed in the disease, although the origin of these changes is unknown. Changes in the n-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-receptor mediated glutamatergic neurotransmission are implicated, since it is hypothesized that NMDA-receptor dysfunction in schizophrenia leads to increased glutamate release, which can have excitotoxic effects. However, the magnitude and extent of changes in glutamatergic metabolites in schizophrenia are not clear. With (1)H magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS), in vivo information about glutamate and glutamine concentrations can be obtained in the brain. A systematic search through the MEDLINE database was conducted to identify relevant (1)H-MRS studies that examined differences in glutamate and glutamine concentrations between patients with schizophrenia and healthy control subjects. Twenty-eight studies were identified and included a total of 647 patients with schizophrenia and 608 healthy-control subjects. For each study, Cohen's d was calculated and main effects for group analyses were performed using the random-effects model. Medial frontal region glutamate was decreased and glutamine was increased in patients with schizophrenia as compared with healthy individuals. Group-by-age associations revealed that in patients with schizophrenia, glutamate and glutamine concentrations decreased at a faster rate with age as compared with healthy controls. This could reflect aberrant processes in schizophrenia, such as altered synaptic activity, changed glutamate receptor functioning, abnormal glutamine-glutamate cycling, or dysfunctional glutamate transport.

Indexed as

Glutamic AcidGlutamineHumansMagnetic Resonance SpectroscopySchizophreniaGlutamic AcidGlutamine

Identifiers

PMID21746807
PMCPMC3523901
OpenAlexW2170946434

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.