Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21743455›Full record

ArticleNature structural & molecular biology2011

Modular mechanism of Wnt signaling inhibition by Wnt inhibitory factor 1.

Tomas Malinauskas, A Radu Aricescu, Weixian Lu, Christian Siebold, E Yvonne Jones

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature structural & molecular biology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 96 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
96citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

96 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
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  12. Frizzled receptors: gatekeepers of Wnt signaling in development and disease.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025
    Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. The origin and evolution of Wnt signalling.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2024
    Review
  17. Review
  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. Article

36 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Tomas MalinauskasDivision of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
A Radu Aricescu
Weixian Lu
Christian Siebold
E Yvonne Jones

Funding

Cancer Research UK A10976Cancer Research UK A5261Cancer Research UK A8005Medical Research Council G0700232Medical Research Council G0700232(82098)Medical Research Council G0900084Wellcome Trust 082301Wellcome Trust 090532
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Wnt morphogens control embryonic development and homeostasis in adult tissues. In vertebrates the N-terminal WIF domain (WIF-1(WD)) of Wnt inhibitory factor 1 (WIF-1) binds Wnt ligands. Our crystal structure of WIF-1(WD) reveals a previously unidentified binding site for phospholipid; two acyl chains extend deep into the domain, and the head group is exposed to the surface. Biophysical and cellular assays indicate that there is a WIF-1(WD) Wnt-binding surface proximal to the lipid head group but also implicate the five epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domains (EGFs I-V) in Wnt binding. The six-domain WIF-1 crystal structure shows that EGFs I-V are wrapped back, interfacing with WIF-1(WD) at EGF III. EGFs II-V contain a heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG)-binding site, consistent with conserved positively charged residues on EGF IV. This combination of HSPG- and Wnt-binding properties suggests a modular model for the localization of WIF-1 and for signal inhibition within morphogen gradients.

Indexed as

Adaptor Proteins, Signal TransducingAmino Acid MotifsBinding SitesGlycosaminoglycansHEK293 CellsHumansLipid MetabolismModels, MolecularProtein FoldingProtein Structure, TertiaryRepressor ProteinsSignal TransductionWnt ProteinsAdaptor Proteins, Signal TransducingGlycosaminoglycansRepressor ProteinsWIF1 protein, humanWnt Proteins

Identifiers

PMID21743455
PMCPMC3430870

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.