Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21743130›Full record

ArticleJournal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD2011

Disturbed neurotransmitter transporter expression in Alzheimer's disease brain.

Kevin H Chen, Edmund A Reese, Hyung-Wook Kim, Stanley I Rapoport, Jagadeesh S Rao

Retracted Registry-linked trialAbstract readRetracted Publication
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. It is linked to trial NCT02304302 (Phase II Multicenter 16-Week Randomized Double Blind Placebo-Controlled Evaluation of the Efficacy, Tolerability and Safety of Memantine Hydrochloride on Enhancing the Cognitive Abilities of Adolescents and Young Adults With Down Syndrome), which is not on this map. Cited by 51 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
51citing papers in PubMed
5.4field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT02304302 phase2completednot on this mapstarted 2014, after this paper: background citation

Phase II Multicenter 16-Week Randomized Double Blind Placebo-Controlled Evaluation of the Efficacy, Tolerability and Safety of Memantine Hydrochloride on Enhancing the Cognitive Abilities of Adolescents and Young Adults With Down Syndrome

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity Hospitals Cleveland Medical CenterRan2014 to 2020Enrolled160ConditionsDown Syndrome, Intellectual DisabilityArmsMemantine, Placebo
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

51 citing papers in PubMed, 122 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

  • Retraction · 2016-11-01Falsification/Fabrication of Data · Investigation by Company/Institution · Misconduct - Official Investigation(s) and/or Finding(s) · Misconduct by Author · Notice - Limited or No Information · · Jagadeesh Rao named as responsible for misconduct
  • Retracted
5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Kevin H ChenBrain Physiology and Metabolism Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Edmund A ReeseBrain Physiology and Metabolism Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Hyung-Wook KimBrain Physiology and Metabolism Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Stanley I RapoportBrain Physiology and Metabolism Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Jagadeesh S RaoBrain Physiology and Metabolism Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
National Institutes of Health · USNational Institute on Aging · US

Funding

A Natonal Resource for Postmortem Brain ResearchR24MH068855 · NIMH · MC LEAN HOSPITAL (BELMONT, MA) · PI BENES, FRANCINE M. · 2003 to 2012
$14.8M
Texas Tech Center for Translational Research and Rural Health - Research Capacity CoreU54MD020892 · NIMHD · TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIS CENTER · PI Nadezhda A German · 2026 to 2026
$10.0M
Lipids in Human Brain DiseaseZIAAG000428 · NIA · NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON AGING · PI RAPOPORT, STANLEY I. · 2009 to 2016
$2.6M
Brain Imaging In Human Aging, Alzheimer Disease And Other DisordersZIAAG000148 · NIA · NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON AGING · PI RAPOPORT, STANLEY I. · 2009 to 2016
$1.4M
Brain Imaging In Human Aging and Alzheimers DiseaseZ01AG000148 · NIA · NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON AGING · PI RAPOPORT, STANLEY I. · 2001 to 2008
$241k
Intramural NIH HHS Z01 AG000148NIMHD NIH HHS U54 MD020892NIMH NIH HHS R24 MH068855NIMH NIH HHS R24MH068855
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory loss and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia. An imbalance of different neurotransmitters--glutamate, acetylcholine, dopamine, and serotonin--has been proposed as the neurobiological basis of behavioral symptoms in AD. The molecular changes associated with neurotransmission imbalance in AD are not clear. We hypothesized that altered reuptake of neurotransmitters by vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs), excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs), the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), the serotonin reuptake transporter (SERT), or the dopamine reuptake transporter (DAT) are involved in the neurotransmission imbalance in AD. We tested this hypothesis by examining protein and mRNA levels of these transporters in postmortem prefrontal cortex from 10 AD patients and 10 matched non-AD controls. Compared with controls, protein and mRNA levels of VGLUTs, EAAT1-3, VAChT, and SERT were reduced significantly in AD. Expression of DAT and catechol O-methyltransferase was unchanged. Reduced VGLUTs and EAATs may contribute to an alteration in glutamatergic recycling, and reduced SERT could exacerbate depressive symptoms in AD. The reduced VAChT expression could contribute to the recognized cholinergic deficit in AD. Altered neurotransmitter transporters could contribute to the pathophysiology of AD and are potential targets for therapy.

Indexed as

Brain ChemistryAgedAged, 80 and overAgingAlzheimer DiseaseAmyloid beta-PeptidesBlotting, WesternFemaleHumansMaleMembranesMiddle AgedNeurotransmitter Transport ProteinsPlaque, AmyloidPrefrontal CortexReal-Time Polymerase Chain ReactionAmyloid beta-PeptidesNeurotransmitter Transport ProteinsRNA, Messenger

Identifiers

PMID21743130
PMCPMC3188700
OpenAlexW2148272634

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.