ArticleVirchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology2011
Hormonally defined pancreatic and duodenal neuroendocrine tumors differ in their transcription factor signatures: expression of ISL1, PDX1, NGN3, and CDX2.
Article in Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 86 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comprehensive Clinicopathologic, Immunohistochemical, and Genomic Profiling of Sporadic Ampullary Somatostatin-producing D-cell Neuroendocrine Tumors Identifies Recurrent HRAS Hotspot Mutations.Endocrine pathology · 2026Article
- Composite gangliocytoma/neuroma and neuroendocrine tumor: a clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular genetic study of 11 cases.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2026Article
- Molecular Profiling of Digestive Grade 3 Neuroendocrine Tumors Reveals a Shared Molecular Framework with Lower-Grade Tumors, Marked Heterogeneity, and Therapeutic Opportunities.Endocrine pathology · 2026Article
- Concept of neuroendocrine neoplasms of all organs with a focus on grading, subtyping.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2026Review
- Extended Hormone Profiling Identifies a Wider Network of Duodenal Neuroendocrine Tumor Subtypes.Endocrine pathology · 2025Article
- Diagnostic and prognostic utility of insulinoma-associated protein 1, insulin gene enhancer protein 1, and secretagogin in pheochromocytoma.Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira (1992) · 2025Article
- Review
- An update on the development of concepts, diagnostic criteria, and challenging issues for neuroendocrine neoplasms across different digestive organs.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2022Review
- Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the pancreas: diagnosis and pitfalls.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2022Review
- Stem/progenitor cells in normal physiology and disease of the pancreas.Molecular and cellular endocrinology · 2021Review
- Multicenter Analysis of Presacral Neuroendocrine Neoplasms-Clinicopathological Characterization and Treatment Outcomes of a Rare Disease.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Article
- Clinical Routine Application of the Second-generation Neuroendocrine Markers ISL1, INSM1, and Secretagogin in Neuroendocrine Neoplasia: Staining Outcomes and Potential Clues for Determining Tumor Origin.Endocrine pathology · 2020Article
- Immunohistochemical distinction of paragangliomas from epithelial neuroendocrine tumors-gangliocytic duodenal and cauda equina paragangliomas align with epithelial neuroendocrine tumors.Human pathology · 2020Article
- [Neuroendocrine neoplasms : Two families with distinct features unified in one classification (German version)].Der Pathologe · 2019Article
- First Case of Mature Teratoma and Yolk Sac Testis Tumor Associated to Inherited MEN-1 Syndrome.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2019Article
- Histopathological, immunohistochemical, genetic and molecular markers of neuroendocrine neoplasms.Annals of translational medicine · 2018Review
- [Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the head and neck].Der Pathologe · 2018Review
- Management of neuroendocrine tumors of unknown primary.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2017Review
- Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Dichotomy, Origin and Classifications.Visceral medicine · 2017Review
- Pathology of Neuroendocrine Tumours of the Female Genital Tract.Current oncology reports · 2017Review
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5 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
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Abstract
We recently identified the transcription factor (TF) islet 1 gene product (ISL1) as a marker for well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (P-NETs). In order to better understand the expression of the four TFs, ISL1, pancreatico-duodenal homeobox 1 gene product (PDX1), neurogenin 3 gene product (NGN3), and CDX-2 homeobox gene product (CDX2), that mainly govern the development and differentiation of the pancreas and duodenum, we studied their expression in hormonally defined P-NETs and duodenal (D-) NETs. Thirty-six P-NETs and 14 D-NETs were immunostained with antibodies against the four pancreatic hormones, gastrin, serotonin, calcitonin, ISL1, PDX1, NGN3, and CDX2. The TF expression pattern of each case was correlated with the tumor's hormonal profile. Insulin-positive NETs expressed only ISL1 (10/10) and PDX1 (9/10). Glucagon-positive tumors expressed ISL1 (7/7) and were almost negative for the other TFs. Gastrin-positive NETs, whether of duodenal or pancreatic origin, frequently expressed PDX1 (17/18), ISL1 (14/18), and NGN3 (14/18). CDX2 was mainly found in the gastrin-positive P-NETs (5/8) and rarely in the D-NETs (1/10). Somatostatin-positive NETs, whether duodenal or pancreatic in origin, expressed ISL1 (9/9), PDX1 (3/9), and NGN3 (3/9). The remaining tumors showed labeling for ISL1 in addition to NGN3. There was no association between a particular TF pattern and NET features such as grade, size, location, presence of metastases, and functional activity. We conclude from our data that there is a correlation between TF expression patterns and certain hormonally defined P-NET and D-NET types, suggesting that most of the tumor types originate from embryologically determined precursor cells. The observed TF signatures do not allow us to distinguish P-NETs from D-NETs.
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