Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21738522›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in microbiology2010

The Chlamydial Type III Secretion Mechanism: Revealing Cracks in a Tough Nut.

Helen Jennifer Betts-Hampikian, Kenneth A Fields

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in microbiology, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
62citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

62 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. From coughs to complications: the story ofJournal of medical microbiology · 2025
    Review
  2. Review
  3. The T3SS structural and effector genes ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025
    Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Autophagy: the misty lands ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024
    Review
  9. Microorganisms · 2023
    Review
  10. Genome organization and genomics inFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023
    Review
  11. Molecular pathogenesis ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023
    Review
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Application of aJournal of bacteriology · 2021
    Article
  16. Hijacking and Use of Host Kinases by Chlamydiae.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020
    Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Molecular causes of an evolutionary shift along the parasitism-mutualism continuum in a bacterial symbiont.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020
    Article
  20. Pathogenic Puppetry: Manipulation of the Host Actin Cytoskeleton byInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2019
    Review

2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Helen Jennifer Betts-HampikianDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami, FL, USA.
Kenneth A Fields

Funding

Type III exported effectors of Chlamydia trachomatisR01AI065530 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · PI FIELDS, KENNETH A · 2005 to 2021
$5.7M
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI065530
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Present-day members of the Chlamydiaceae contain parasitic bacteria that have been co-evolving with their eukaryotic hosts over hundreds of millions of years. Likewise, a type III secretion system encoded within all genomes has been refined to complement the unique obligate intracellular niche colonized so successfully by Chlamydia spp. All this adaptation has occurred in the apparent absence of the horizontal gene transfer responsible for creating the wide range of diversity in other Gram-negative, type III-expressing bacteria. The result is a system that is, in many ways, uniquely chlamydial. A critical mass of information has been amassed that sheds significant light on how the chlamydial secretion system functions and contributes to an obligate intracellular lifestyle. Although the overall mechanism is certainly similar to homologous systems, an image has emerged where the chlamydial secretion system is essential for both survival and virulence. Numerous apparent differences, some subtle and some profound, differentiate chlamydial type III secretion from others. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of the current state of knowledge regarding the Chlamydia type III secretion mechanism. We focus on the aspects that are distinctly chlamydial and comment on how this important system influences chlamydial pathogenesis. Gaining a grasp on this fascinating system has been challenging in the absence of a tractable genetic system. However, the surface of this tough nut has been scored and the future promises to be fruitful and revealing.

Indexed as

intracellularsecretionvirulence

Identifiers

PMID21738522
PMCPMC3125583

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.