ArticlePLoS pathogens2011
HSV-2 infection of dendritic cells amplifies a highly susceptible HIV-1 cell target.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers.
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Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 77 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Beyond the Barrier: Epithelial Cells as Immune Sentinels in the Female Genital Tract.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2026Review
- Epidemiological Patterns of Genital Ulcer Disease and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Among Public Clinic Attendees in Mthatha, Eastern Cape, South Africa.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Loss of HIV candidate vaccine efficacy in male macaques by mucosal nanoparticle immunization rescued by V2-specific response.Nature communications · 2024Article
- G protein coupled receptor transcripts in human immune cells and platelets.Scientific data · 2024Article
- Combinatorial Effects of miRNAs in HSV-2 Infection of Macrophages: An In Silico and In Vitro Integration Approach.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Prevalence and Association with Inflammatory Cytokines Among Sexual and Gender Minorities Living With and Without HIV-1 from Lagos, Nigeria.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2023Article
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- Herpes simplex virus type 2 inhibits TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation through viral protein ICP22-mediated interaction with p65.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Blocking αScience translational medicine · 2021Article
- Genital HSV-1 DNA detection is associated with a low inflammatory profile in HIV-uninfected South African women.Sexually transmitted infections · 2021Article
- TRIM26 Facilitates HSV-2 Infection by Downregulating Antiviral Responses through the IRF3 Pathway.Viruses · 2021Article
- Frequency of Effector Memory Cells Expressing Integrin αFrontiers in immunology · 2021Observational
- Transcriptome Analysis of the Gene Expression Profiles Associated with Fungal Keratitis in Mice Based on RNA-Seq.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2020Article
- Curcumin Can Decrease Tissue Inflammation and the Severity of HSV-2 Infection in the Female Reproductive Mucosa.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Racial differences in α4β7 expression on CD4+ T cells of HIV-negative men and women who inject drugs.PloS one · 2020Article
- Improving HIV Outgrowth by Optimizing Cell-Culture Conditions and Supplementing WithFrontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- Delayed vaginal SHIV infection in VRC01 and anti-α4β7 treated rhesus macaques.PLoS pathogens · 2019Article
- HSV-2 Cellular Programming Enables Productive HIV Infection in Dendritic Cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- Herpes Simplex Virus Evasion of Early Host Antiviral Responses.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) increases the risk of HIV-1 infection and, although several reports describe the interaction between these two viruses, the exact mechanism for this increased susceptibility remains unclear. Dendritic cells (DCs) at the site of entry of HSV-2 and HIV-1 contribute to viral spread in the mucosa. Specialized DCs present in the gut-associated lymphoid tissues produce retinoic acid (RA), an important immunomodulator, able to influence HIV-1 replication and a key mediator of integrin α₄β₇ on lymphocytes. α₄β₇ can be engaged by HIV-1 on the cell-surface and CD4⁺ T cells expressing high levels of this integrin (α₄β₇ (high)) are particularly susceptible to HIV-1 infection. Herein we provide in-vivo data in macaques showing an increased percentage of α₄β₇ (high) CD4⁺ T cells in rectal mucosa, iliac lymph nodes and blood within 6 days of rectal exposure to live (n = 11), but not UV-treated (n = 8), HSV-2. We found that CD11c⁺ DCs are a major target of HSV-2 infection in in-vitro exposed PBMCs. We determined that immature monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs) express aldehyde dehydrogenase ALDH1A1, an enzyme essential for RA production, which increases upon HSV-2 infection. Moreover, HSV-2-infected moDCs significantly increase α₄β₇ expression on CD4⁺ T lymphocytes and HIV-1 infection in DC-T cell mixtures in a RA-dependent manner. Thus, we propose that HSV-2 modulates its microenviroment, influencing DC function, increasing RA production capability and amplifying a α₄β₇ (high)CD4⁺ T cells. These factors may play a role in increasing the susceptibility to HIV-1.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.