ArticleStroke2011
Programmed death-1 pathway limits central nervous system inflammation and neurologic deficits in murine experimental stroke.
Article in Stroke, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- Method parameters' impact on mortality and variability in mouse stroke experiments: a meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2016Pooled it
- Microglia prune developing cortical blood vessels through PD-1 signaling.Nature neuroscience · 2026Article
- Exploring potential biomarkers of NETosis-Related genes in spinal cord injury through machine learning and multi-omics analysis.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Article
- Neuroglia and immune cells play different roles in neuroinflammation and neuroimmune response in post-stroke neural injury and repair.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Review
- VISTA Alleviates Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation After Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via Regulating ACOD1/Itaconic Acid Metabolism.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Immune Checkpoint Dysregulation in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Prospective Study of sCTLA-4 and sPD-L1 as Biomarkers of Symptomatic Vasospasm.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Statins and adhesion molecules: a review of a novel pleiotropic property of statins.Immunologic research · 2025Review
- Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles alleviate autism by regulating microglial glucose metabolism reprogramming and neuroinflammation through PD-1/PD-L1 interaction.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
- The role of inhibitory immune checkpoint receptors in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2025Review
- Therapeutic implications for the PD-1 axis in cerebrovascular injury.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2025Review
- PD-L1: From cancer immunotherapy to therapeutic implications in multiple disorders.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2024Review
- Role of STAT3-FOXO3 Signaling in the Modulation of Neuroplasticity by PD-L1-HGF-Decorated Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in a Murine Stroke Model.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Novel Programmed Death Ligand 1-AKT-engineered Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promote Neuroplasticity to Target Stroke Therapy.Molecular neurobiology · 2024Article
- Neurological Immune-Related Adverse Events Induced by Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Anti-PD-1 treatment protects against seizure by suppressing sodium channel function.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2024Article
- Soluble PD-L1 reprograms blood monocytes to prevent cerebral edema and facilitate recovery after ischemic stroke.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2024Article
- Updates of the role of B-cells in ischemic stroke.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2024Review
- Involvement of Nrf2 Activation and NF-kB Pathway Inhibition in the Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Hesperetin in Activated BV-2 Microglial Cells.Brain sciences · 2023Article
- Emerging Targets for Modulation of Immune Response and Inflammation in Stroke.Neurochemical research · 2023Review
- Inhibition of PD-1 Alters the SHP1/2-PI3K/Akt Axis to Decrease M1 Polarization of Alveolar Macrophages in Lung Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.Inflammation · 2023Article
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
background and purposeEvaluation of infarct volumes and infiltrating immune cell populations in mice after middle cerebral artery occlusion strongly implicates a mixture of both pathogenic and regulatory immune cell subsets that affect stroke outcome. Our goal was to evaluate the contribution of the well-described coinhibitory pathway, programmed death (PD)-1, to the development of middle cerebral artery occlusion.
methodsInfarct volumes, functional outcomes, and effects on infiltrating immune cell populations were compared in wild-type C57BL/6 versus PD-1-deficient mice after 60 minutes middle cerebral artery occlusion and 96 hours reperfusion.
resultsThe results clearly demonstrate a previously unrecognized activity of the PD-1 pathway to limit infarct volume, recruitment of inflammatory cells from the periphery, activation of macrophages and central nervous system microglia, and functional neurological deficits. These regulatory functions were associated with increased percentages of circulating PD-ligand-1 and PD-ligand-2 expressing CD19(+) B-cells in blood, the spleen, and central nervous system with the capacity to inhibit activation of inflammatory T-cells and central nervous system macrophages and microglial cells through upregulated PD-1.
conclusionsOur novel observations are the first to implicate PD-1 signaling as a major protective pathway for limiting central nervous system inflammation in middle cerebral artery occlusion. This inhibitory circuit would likely be pivotal in reducing stroke-associated Toll-like receptor-2- and Toll like receptor-4-mediated release of neurotoxic factors by activated central nervous system microglia.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.