ReviewWorld journal of gastroenterology2011
Ulcerative colitis in smokers, non-smokers and ex-smokers.
Review in World journal of gastroenterology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 126 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of smoking with knee osteoarthritis structural defects and symptoms: an individual participant data meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2024Pooled it
- The epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease: exploring the impacts of environmental factors.The Korean journal of internal medicine · 2026Review
- The associations between tobacco exposure and diarrhea within the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).Tobacco induced diseases · 2026Article
- Examination of the TPMT and NUDT15*3 Variants to Predict the Response to Thiopurines in an Italian Cohort of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Proteostasis signatures in human diseases.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- The Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.The Surgical clinics of North America · 2025Review
- Smoking Experience before Adulthood Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Developing Ulcerative Colitis in Adult Ex-Smokers.Yonsei medical journal · 2025Article
- Nicotine is an Immunosuppressant: Implications for Women's Health and Disease.Journal of neuroimmunology · 2024Review
- Causes of Colectomy in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis: Findings from an Iranian National Registry.Archives of Iranian medicine · 2024Article
- Combined administration of anisodamine and neostigmine alleviated colitis by inducing autophagy and inhibiting inflammation.PloS one · 2024Article
- Erosive lichen planus: an unmet disease burden.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- The aetiology of pouchitis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.Therapeutic advances in gastroenterology · 2024Review
- The Role of the Microbiome in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis-A Literature Review.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Review
- Multitrait genome-wide analyses identify new susceptibility loci and candidate drugs to primary sclerosing cholangitis.Nature communications · 2023Article
- How autophagy, a potential therapeutic target, regulates intestinal inflammation.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- A Review on Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Recent Molecular Pathophysiology Advances.Biologics : targets & therapy · 2022Review
- Factors Affecting Ulcerative Colitis Flare-Ups: Associations With Smoking Habits and Other Patient Characteristics.Cureus · 2021Article
- Do the benefits of being a smoker hint at the existence of PD-1/PD-L1 sensitizers for patients on single-agent immunotherapy?Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2021Article
- Lack of Mucosal Cholinergic Innervation Is Associated With Increased Risk of Enterocolitis in Hirschsprung's Disease.Cellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Smoking is a major environmental factor that interferes in the establishment and clinical course of ulcerative colitis (UC). Firstly, the risk of smoking status impact in the development of UC is reviewed, showing that current smoking has a protective association with UC. Similarly, being a former smoker is associated with an increased risk of UC. The concept that smoking could have a role in determining the inflammatory bowel disease phenotype is also discussed. Gender may also be considered, as current smoking delays disease onset in men but not in women. No clear conclusions can be driven from the studies trying to clarify whether childhood passive smoking or prenatal smoke exposure have an influence on the development of UC, mainly due to methodology flaws. The influence of smoking on disease course is the second aspect analysed. Some studies show a disease course more benign in smokers that in non-smokers, with lower hospitalizations rates, less flare-ups, lower use of oral steroids and even less risk of proximal extension. This is not verified by some other studies. Similarly, the rate of colectomy does not seem to be determined by the smoking status of the patient. The third issue reviewed is the use of nicotine as a therapeutic agent. The place of nicotine in the treatment of UC is unclear, although it could be useful in selected cases, particularly in recent ex-smokers with moderate but refractory attacks of UC. Finally, the effect of smoking cessation in UC patients is summarised. Given that smoking represents a major worldwide cause of death, for inpatients with UC the risks of smoking far outweigh any possible benefit. Thus, physicians should advise, encourage and assist UC patients who smoke to quit.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.