Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21734376›Full record

ReviewDigestive diseases (Basel, Switzerland)2011

Epigenetics: principles and practice.

James P Hamilton

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Digestive diseases (Basel, Switzerland), 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 108 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
108citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

108 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Epigenetic regulation of transgenes.Journal of biotechnology · 2026
    Review
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  6. Article
  7. From genes to germ layers: virtual twins of gastruloids.NPJ systems biology and applications · 2026
    Review
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  16. Article
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48 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

James P HamiltonDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. jpahamilton@jhmi.edu

Funding

Thioredoxin Inhibitory Protein in Chronic Liver DiseaseK08DK083774 · NIDDK · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI HAMILTON, JAMES P · 2010 to 2014
$779k
NIDDK NIH HHS K08 DK083774NIDDK NIH HHS K08DK083774
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Epigenetics is defined as heritable changes in gene expression that are, unlike mutations, not attributable to alterations in the sequence of DNA. The predominant epigenetic mechanisms are DNA methylation, modifications to chromatin, loss of imprinting and non-coding RNA. Epigenetic regulation of gene expression appears to have long-term effects and wide-ranging effects on health. Diet and environmental exposures may potentially alter the level and scope of epigenetic regulation, thus interesting developments in the study of epigenetics might explain correlations that researchers have found between lifestyle and risk of disease. Aberrant epigenetic patterns have been linked to a number of digestive diseases including Barrett's esophagus, cirrhosis, inflammatory bowel disease, and numerous gastrointestinal malignancies. In fact, many exciting discoveries about epigenetics in general have been made by studying diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and hepatobiliary tree. Epigenetic modifications of DNA in cancer and precancerous lesions offer hope and the promise of novel biomarkers for early cancer detection, prediction, prognosis, and response to treatment. Furthermore, reversal of epigenetic changes represents a potential target of novel therapeutic strategies and medication design. In the future, it is anticipated that innovative diagnostic tests, treatment regimens, and even lifestyle modifications will be based on epigenetic mechanisms and be incorporated into the practice of medicine.

Indexed as

Epigenesis, GeneticAnimalsChromatinDNA MethylationEnvironmentGenomic ImprintingHumansRNA, UntranslatedChromatinRNA, Untranslated

Identifiers

PMID21734376
PMCPMC3134032

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.