Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21734291›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience2011

The role of neuronal connexins 36 and 45 in shaping spontaneous firing patterns in the developing retina.

Aaron G Blankenship, Aaron M Hamby, Alana Firl, Shri Vyas, Stephan Maxeiner, Klaus Willecke, Marla B Feller

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
39citing papers in PubMed
3.2field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

39 citing papers in PubMed, 64 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Prolonged Light Exposure Induces Long-Lasting Retinal Wave Plasticity via Retrograde Melanopsin-Dopamine Signaling.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026
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  6. The Retinal Basis of Light Aversion in Neonatal Mice.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2022
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  19. Glutamatergic Retinal Waves.Frontiers in neural circuits · 2016
    Review
  20. Ischemic tolerance in pre-myelinated white matter: the role of astrocyte glycogen in brain pathology.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2015
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.

Aaron G BlankenshipNeurosciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
Aaron M Hamby
Alana Firl
Shri Vyas
Stephan Maxeiner
Klaus Willecke
Marla B Feller
Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology · RUUniversity of Bonn · DEDr.Heiko Pult Optometry and Vision Research · DE

Funding

THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF CELL FUNCTIONT32GM007232 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY · PI BILDER, DAVID, UNAL, ELCIN · 1985 to 2022
$36.4M
The Function of Neural Activity in Developing RetinaR01EY013528 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI Marla Feller · 2002 to 2026
$8.1M
Development of direction selectivity in the retinaR01EY019498 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY · PI Marla Feller · 2009 to 2026
$6.6M
Mechanisms of spontaneous firing in the developing retinaF31NS058167 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI BLANKENSHIP, AARON G · 2007 to 2009
$81k
NEI NIH HHS R01 EY013528NEI NIH HHS R01EY013528NEI NIH HHS R01 EY019498NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM007232NINDS NIH HHS F31 NS058167NINDS NIH HHS F31NS058167
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Gap junction coupling synchronizes activity among neurons in adult neural circuits, but its role in coordinating activity during development is less known. The developing retina exhibits retinal waves--spontaneous depolarizations that propagate among retinal interneurons and drive retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) to fire correlated bursts of action potentials. During development, two connexin isoforms, connexin 36 (Cx36) and Cx45, are expressed in bipolar cells and RGCs, and therefore provide a potential substrate for coordinating network activity. To determine whether gap junctions contribute to retinal waves, we compared spontaneous activity patterns using calcium imaging, whole-cell recording, and multielectrode array recording in control, single-knock-out (ko) mice lacking Cx45 and double-knock-out (dko) mice lacking both isoforms. Wave frequency, propagation speed, and bias in propagation direction were similar in control, Cx36ko, Cx45ko, and Cx36/45dko retinas. However, the spontaneous firing rate of individual retinal ganglion cells was elevated in Cx45ko retinas, similar to Cx36ko retinas (Hansen et al., 2005; Torborg and Feller, 2005), a phenotype that was more pronounced in Cx36/45dko retinas. As a result, spatial correlations, as assayed by nearest-neighbor correlation and functional connectivity maps, were significantly altered. In addition, Cx36/45dko mice had reduced eye-specific segregation of retinogeniculate afferents. Together, these findings suggest that although Cx36 and Cx45 do not play a role in gross spatial and temporal propagation properties of retinal waves, they strongly modulate the firing pattern of individual RGCs, ensuring strongly correlated firing between nearby RGCs and normal patterning of retinogeniculate projections.

Indexed as

Action PotentialsAnimalsAnimals, NewbornCalciumCholine O-AcetyltransferaseConnexinsFemaleGap Junction delta-2 ProteinGreen Fluorescent ProteinsMaleMiceMice, KnockoutNerve Tissue ProteinsNeuronsPatch-Clamp TechniquesRetinaCalciumCholine O-Acetyltransferaseconnexin 45ConnexinsGap Junction delta-2 ProteinGreen Fluorescent ProteinsNerve Tissue ProteinsRNA, Messenger

Identifiers

PMID21734291
PMCPMC3142875
OpenAlexW2022045077

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.