ReviewClinical microbiology reviews2011
Review and international recommendation of methods for typing neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates and their implications for improved knowledge of gonococcal epidemiology, treatment, and biology.
Review in Clinical microbiology reviews, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 146 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae molecular typing for understanding sexual networks and antimicrobial resistance transmission: A systematic review.The Journal of infection · 2018Pooled it
- Review
- Clonal Expansion ofInfection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- Genomic diversity of Neisseria gonorrhoeae Isolates in Kenya revealed by MLST, NG-MAST, and NG-STAR typing.PloS one · 2026Article
- Whole genome sequencing of Neisseria gonorrhoeae among key populations in two cities of Bangladesh reveals genomic diversity and stable antimicrobial resistance.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- The novel 2024 WHO Neisseria gonorrhoeae reference strains for global quality assurance of laboratory investigations and superseded WHO N. gonorrhoeae reference strains-phenotypic, genetic and reference genome characterization.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2024Article
- Vaccine value profile for Neisseria gonorrhoeae.Vaccine · 2024Article
- Mini-Multilocus Sequence Typing Scheme for the Global Population ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Genomic analysis of 1710 surveillance-basedMicrobial genomics · 2023Article
- Seven Years of Culture Collection ofMicrobial drug resistance (Larchmont, N.Y.) · 2023Article
- Immune responses toFrontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Emergence and Genomic Characterization of Neisseria gonorrhoeae Isolates with High Levels of Ceftriaxone and Azithromycin Resistance in Guangdong, China, from 2016 to 2019.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Culture-Independent Genotyping Improves Surveillance ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Bioinformatics tools used for whole-genome sequencing analysis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: a literature review.Briefings in functional genomics · 2022Review
- Evolutionary paths to macrolide resistance in a Neisseria commensal converge on ribosomal genes through short sequence duplications.PloS one · 2022Article
- Antimicrobial Resistance Mechanisms, Multilocus Sequence Typing, and NG-STAR Sequence Types of Diverse Neisseria gonorrhoeae Isolates in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2021Article
- Antimicrobial resistance and molecular epidemiological typing of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from Kyrgyzstan in Central Asia, 2012 and 2017.BMC infectious diseases · 2021Article
- A community-driven resource for genomic epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance prediction of Neisseria gonorrhoeae at Pathogenwatch.Genome medicine · 2021Article
- Antimicrobial Resistance Profiling and Phylogenetic Analysis ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Molecular Typing ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Gonorrhea, which may become untreatable due to multiple resistance to available antibiotics, remains a public health problem worldwide. Precise methods for typing Neisseria gonorrhoeae, together with epidemiological information, are crucial for an enhanced understanding regarding issues involving epidemiology, test of cure and contact tracing, identifying core groups and risk behaviors, and recommending effective antimicrobial treatment, control, and preventive measures. This review evaluates methods for typing N. gonorrhoeae isolates and recommends various methods for different situations. Phenotypic typing methods, as well as some now-outdated DNA-based methods, have limited usefulness in differentiating between strains of N. gonorrhoeae. Genotypic methods based on DNA sequencing are preferred, and the selection of the appropriate genotypic method should be guided by its performance characteristics and whether short-term epidemiology (microepidemiology) or long-term and/or global epidemiology (macroepidemiology) matters are being investigated. Currently, for microepidemiological questions, the best methods for fast, objective, portable, highly discriminatory, reproducible, typeable, and high-throughput characterization are N. gonorrhoeae multiantigen sequence typing (NG-MAST) or full- or extended-length porB gene sequencing. However, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and Opa typing can be valuable in specific situations, i.e., extreme microepidemiology, despite their limitations. For macroepidemiological studies and phylogenetic studies, DNA sequencing of chromosomal housekeeping genes, such as multilocus sequence typing (MLST), provides a more nuanced understanding.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.