ArticlePloS one2011
Qualitative real-time schlieren and shadowgraph imaging of human exhaled airflows: an aid to aerosol infection control.
Article in PloS one, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- Understanding lifetime and dispersion of cough-emitted droplets in air.Indoor + built environment : the journal of the International Society of the Built Environment · 2023Article
- Characterizing Aerosol Generating Procedures With Background Oriented Schlieren.Journal of biomechanical engineering · 2023Article
- Article
- A critical review on the role of leakages in the facemask protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection with consideration of vaccination and virus variants.Indoor air · 2022Review
- An exploration of the political, social, economic and cultural factors affecting how different global regions initially reacted to the COVID-19 pandemic.Interface focus · 2022Review
- Impact of COVID-19 on Surgical Interventions and Medical Practices in Pediatric Otolaryngology: A Narrative Review.Cureus · 2022Review
- Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on food production and animal health.Trends in food science & technology · 2022Review
- Speech air flow with and without face masks.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- A review on the transmission of COVID-19 based on cough/sneeze/breath flows.European physical journal plus · 2022Review
- Risk Assessment of Aerosol Generation During Vitreoretinal Surgery Using High Speed Imaging Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic.Translational vision science & technology · 2021Article
- Contamination of multiuse eyedrop bottles by exhaled air from patients wearing face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic: Schlieren imaging analysis.Journal of cataract and refractive surgery · 2021Article
- Numerical investigation of respiratory drops dynamics released during vocalization.Physics of fluids (Woodbury, N.Y. : 1994) · 2021Article
- Could thermodynamics and heat and mass transfer research produce a fundamental step advance toward and significant reduction of SARS-COV-2 spread?International journal of heat and mass transfer · 2021Article
- Face masks in the post-COVID-19 era: a silver lining for the damaged tuberculosis public health response?The Lancet. Respiratory medicine · 2021Article
- A dynamical overview of droplets in the transmission of respiratory infectious diseases.Physics of fluids (Woodbury, N.Y. : 1994) · 2021Review
- Review
- Clinical and Laboratory Profile of Hospitalized Symptomatic COVID-19 Patients: Case Series Study From the First COVID-19 Center in the UAE.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Article
- Experimental visualization of sneezing and efficacy of face masks and shields.Physics of fluids (Woodbury, N.Y. : 1994) · 2020Article
- Flow visualization of an N95 respirator with and without an exhalation valve using schlieren imaging and light scattering.Physics of fluids (Woodbury, N.Y. : 1994) · 2020Article
- CSO (Canadian Society of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery) position paper on return to Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery Clinic Practice during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada.Journal of otolaryngology - head & neck surgery = Le Journal d'oto-rhino-laryngologie et de chirurgie cervico-faciale · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Using a newly constructed airflow imaging system, airflow patterns were visualized that were associated with common, everyday respiratory activities (e.g. breathing, talking, laughing, whistling). The effectiveness of various interventions (e.g. putting hands and tissues across the mouth and nose) to reduce the potential transmission of airborne infection, whilst coughing and sneezing, were also investigated. From the digital video footage recorded, it was seen that both coughing and sneezing are relatively poorly contained by commonly used configurations of single-handed shielding maneuvers. Only some but not all of the forward momentum of the cough and sneeze puffs are curtailed with various hand techniques, and the remaining momentum is disseminated in a large puff in the immediate vicinity of the cougher, which may still act as a nearby source of infection. The use of a tissue (in this case, 4-ply, opened and ready in the hand) proved to be surprisingly effective, though the effectiveness of this depends on the tissue remaining intact and not ripping apart. Interestingly, the use of a novel 'coughcatcher' device appears to be relatively effective in containing coughs and sneezes. One aspect that became evident during the experimental procedures was that the effectiveness of all of these barrier interventions is very much dependent on the speed with which the user can put them into position to cover the mouth and nose effectively.From these qualitative schlieren and shadowgraph imaging experiments, it is clear that making some effort to contain one's cough or sneeze puffs is worthwhile. Obviously, there will be a large amount of variation between individuals in the exact hand or tissue (the most common methods) configuration used for this and other practical factors may hinder such maneuvers in daily life, for example, when carrying shopping bags or managing young children.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.