Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21728033›Full record

ReviewJournal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology2011

Immunosuppressive effects of opioids--clinical relevance.

Alexander Brack, Heike L Rittner, Christoph Stein

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
29citing papers in PubMed
5.8field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

29 citing papers in PubMed, 78 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
  2. Trial
  3. Trial
  4. Article
  5. The Impact of Nonpharmacological Interventions on Opioid Use for Chronic Noncancer Pain: A Scoping Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Substance use and related harms in the context of COVID-19: a conceptual model.Health promotion and chronic disease prevention in Canada : research, policy and practice · 2020
    Article
  12. Long-acting Opioid Use and the Risk of Serious Infections: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2019
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Immunomodulatory effects of anesthetics in obese patients.World journal of critical care medicine · 2017
    Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Alexander BrackKlinik und Poliklinik für Anästhesiologie, Zentrum Operative Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Straße 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany. brack_a@klinik.uni-wuerzburg.de
Heike L Rittner
Christoph Stein
Universitätsklinikum Würzburg · DEFreie Universität Berlin · DE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Opioid-induced immunosuppression has been demonstrated in cell culture experiments and in animal models. This is in striking contrast to the paucity of confirmatory studies in humans. This review describes the basic pharmacokinetics and -dynamics of opioid use in patients. It summarizes the major findings on opioid use and infectious complications in intensive care unit (ICU) patients, in patients with acute or chronic non-malignant pain, and in intravenous drug users (IDU). The limitations of studies in each area are discussed. For example, ethical concerns may complicate randomized placebo-controlled trials (RCT) in acute postoperative pain and for a large part of ICU patients. Importantly, most studies in patients with chronic (non-malignant) pain only inadequately report infectious complications in relation to opioid use since their incidence is usually not considered to be drug related. Infectious complications in IDUs are very frequent but cannot easily be distinguished from risk behavior or risk environment. In summary, convincing clinical evidence is lacking that opioids per se increase the rate of infectious complications in most patient categories. From a clinical standpoint, important unresolved issues are i) selection of relevant animal models, ii) opioid selection and discontinuation, and iii) the role of coexisting diseases and concomitant other medications.

Indexed as

Analgesics, OpioidAnimalsHumansImmune SystemInfectionsOpioid-Related DisordersAnalgesics, Opioid

Identifiers

PMID21728033
OpenAlexW2162388082

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.