ArticleBritish journal of pharmacology2012
Azithromycin distinctively modulates classical activation of human monocytes in vitro.
Article in British journal of pharmacology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 99 citations in OpenAlex.
- The efficacy and safety of azithromycin in asthma: A systematic review.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2019Pooled it
- Trial
- A prospective randomly controlled clinical trial on azithromycin therapy for induction treatment of children with nephrotic syndrome.European journal of pediatrics · 2014Trial
- Development of a population pharmacokinetic model to describe azithromycin whole-blood and plasma concentrations over time in healthy subjects.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2013Trial
- Article
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- Human immune response to primary cryptosporidiosis parallels murine infection models.Infection and immunity · 2026Article
- Asthma endotypes and theratypes.Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine · 2026Review
- Multi-modal screening for synergistic neuroprotection of mild extremely preterm brain injury.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2026Article
- Bitter taste receptors in the gut-vascular axis: a novel target for immune and metabolic regulation of hypertension.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Effects of combined cyclosporin and azithromycin treatment on human mononuclear cells under lipopolysaccharide challenge.Frontiers in oral health · 2025Article
- "Pleiotropic" Effects of Antibiotics: New Modulators in Human Diseases.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Enhanced infectivity of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) in arginase-producing bovine monocyte-derived macrophages.Virulence · 2024Article
- Azithromycin Exposure in a 10-Day Window of Myocardial Infarction and Short- and Long-Term Outcomes.JACC. Advances · 2024Article
- Of rodents, research and relationships: a pharmacological odyssey.Inflammopharmacology · 2024Article
- Azithromycin Augments Bacterial Uptake and Anti-Inflammatory Macrophage Polarization in Cystic Fibrosis.Cells · 2024Article
- Azithromycin targets the CD27 pathway to modulate CD27hi T-lymphocyte expansion and type-1 effector phenotype.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Azithromycin with scaling and root planing versus scaling and root planing alone in the treatment of periodontitis: A randomized controlled trial.The Saudi dental journal · 2023Article
- Magic bullets, magic shields, and antimicrobials in between.Pharmaceutical science advances · 2023Review
- Clinical Trials Targeting Secondary Damage after Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
background and purposeAzithromycin has been reported to modify activation of macrophages towards the M2 phenotype. Here, we have sought to identify the mechanisms underlying this modulatory effect of azithromycin on human monocytes, classically activated in vitro. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Human blood monocytes were primed with IFN-γ for 24 h and activated with LPS for 24 h. Azithromycin, anti-inflammatory and lysosome-affecting agents were added 2 h before IFN-γ. Cytokine and chemokine expression was determined by quantitative PCR and protein release by ELISA. Signalling molecules were determined by Western blotting and transcription factor activation quantified with a DNA-binding ELISA kit. KEY
resultsAzithromycin (1.5-50 µM) dose-dependently inhibited gene expression and/or release of M1 macrophage markers (CCR7, CXCL 11 and IL-12p70), but enhanced CCL2, without altering TNF-α or IL-6. Azithromycin also enhanced the gene expression and/or release of M2 macrophage markers (IL-10 and CCL18), and the pan-monocyte marker CD163, but inhibited that of CCL22. The Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 signalling pathway was modulated, down-regulating NF-κB and STAT1 transcription factors. The inhibitory profile of azithromycin differed from that of dexamethasone, the phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor roflumilast and the p38 kinase inhibitor SB203580 but was similar to that of the lysosomotropic drug chloroquine. Effects of concanamycin and NH4Cl, which also act on lysosomes, differed significantly. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Azithromycin modulated classical activation of human monocytes by inhibition of TLR4-mediated signalling and possible effects on lysosomal function, and generated a mediator expression profile that differs from that of monocyte/macrophage phenotypes so far described.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.