ArticleNature2011
Direct generation of functional dopaminergic neurons from mouse and human fibroblasts.
Article in Nature, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 567 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
567 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,010 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advances in Stem Cell Therapy for Huntington's Disease: A Comprehensive Literature Review.Cells · 2025Pooled it
- Chemical transdifferentiation of somatic cells to neural cells: a systematic review.Einstein (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2024Pooled it
- Direct neuronal reprogramming: emerging therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative disorders.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Modeling human neurodegeneration with iPSCs: opportunities, limitations, and the challenge of aging.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Review
- Potentiated Maturation of hPSC-Derived Dopaminergic Neurons via Convergent Genetic and Small Molecule Modulation.Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine · 2026Article
- Distinct media requirements for dopaminergic neuron reprogramming from human glia and fibroblasts.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Ascl1 Represses Müller Glial and Promotes Rod Photoreceptor Fate Through Repressing Notch Signaling in Late Retinal Progenitor Cells.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Simulation-guided chemical direct reprogramming informed by temporal cellular conversion processes at the single-cell level.Communications chemistry · 2026Article
- Cell-based regenerative interventions in Parkinson's disease: Overcoming pharmacological limitations.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- Mettl3 promotes reprogramming and axonogenesis of induced retinal ganglion cells.Stem cell reports · 2026Article
- Differentiation of human iPSCs into dopaminergic neurons: comparative analysis of 2D and 3D protocols for disease modeling and pharmacology.Neuroscience applied · 2026Review
- Properties and Application of Pseudotyped Lentiviral Vectors.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Excessive DNA Double-Strand Breaks-Associated 3D Genome Reorganization Contributes to Neural Tube Defects with Folate Deficiency.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Investigating the ageing-Parkinson's disease nexus: standardisation of in vitro models and techniques by the PD-AGE network.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2025Review
- Adult hippocampal neurogenesis: New avenues for treatment of brain disorders.Stem cell reports · 2025Review
- Three-dimensional cell-cell interactions promote direct reprogramming of patient fibroblasts into functional and transplantable neurons.Science advances · 2025Article
- Cell fate acquisition and reprogramming by the proneural transcription factor ASCL1.Open biology · 2025Review
- Molecular Determinants of A9 Dopaminergic Neurons.Neuromolecular medicine · 2025Review
- Cell-based regenerative and rejuvenation strategies for treating neurodegenerative diseases.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Review
- Direct reprogramming of fibroblasts into spiral ganglion neurons by defined transcription factors.Cell proliferation · 2025Article
507 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Transplantation of dopaminergic neurons can potentially improve the clinical outcome of Parkinson's disease, a neurological disorder resulting from degeneration of mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons. In particular, transplantation of embryonic-stem-cell-derived dopaminergic neurons has been shown to be efficient in restoring motor symptoms in conditions of dopamine deficiency. However, the use of pluripotent-derived cells might lead to the development of tumours if not properly controlled. Here we identified a minimal set of three transcription factors--Mash1 (also known as Ascl1), Nurr1 (also known as Nr4a2) and Lmx1a--that are able to generate directly functional dopaminergic neurons from mouse and human fibroblasts without reverting to a progenitor cell stage. Induced dopaminergic (iDA) cells release dopamine and show spontaneous electrical activity organized in regular spikes consistent with the pacemaker activity featured by brain dopaminergic neurons. The three factors were able to elicit dopaminergic neuronal conversion in prenatal and adult fibroblasts from healthy donors and Parkinson's disease patients. Direct generation of iDA cells from somatic cells might have significant implications for understanding critical processes for neuronal development, in vitro disease modelling and cell replacement therapies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.