ReviewCurrent problems in cardiology2011
Microvascular coronary dysfunction in women: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management.
Review in Current problems in cardiology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 118 citations in OpenAlex.
- A multidomain trial for cognition in women with cardiovascular disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Trial
- Sex Differences in Psychosocial Factors and Angina in Patients With Chronic Coronary Disease.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Trial
- The MindMoves Trial: Cross-Sectional Analyses of Baseline Vascular Risk and Cognition in Older Women with Cardiovascular Disease.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Microvascular coronary artery spasm presents distinctive clinical features with endothelial dysfunction as nonobstructive coronary artery disease.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2012Trial
- Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy and Premature Cardiovascular Disease in a Diverse Cohort of Young US Women.Circulation · 2026Article
- The Prognostic Gender-Related Value of the Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction: Bridging the Diagnosis-Treatment Divide in Women with INOCA-A Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- QUIET WARRIOR - Rationale and design: An ancillary study to the Women's IschemiA TRial to Reduce Events in Nonobstructive CAD (WARRIOR).American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice · 2025Article
- INOCA: Ischemia in non-obstructive coronary arteries.American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice · 2024Article
- Gender Matters: A Multidimensional Approach to Optimizing Cardiovascular Health in Women.Cureus · 2024Review
- INOCA/ANOCA: Mechanisms and novel treatments.American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice · 2023Article
- Editorial: The role of sex in coronary artery disease.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Article
- Gender Differences in Guideline-Directed Medical Therapy for Cardiovascular Disease Among Young Veterans.Journal of general internal medicine · 2022Article
- Review
- The essential role for endothelial cell sprouting in coronary collateral growth.Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology · 2022Article
- Overview of Microvascular Angina Pectoris and Discussion of Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2022Review
- Mind the Gap: Reporting and Analysis of Sex and Gender in Health Research in Australia, a Cross-Sectional Study.Women's health reports (New Rochelle, N.Y.) · 2022Article
- Sex Inequalities in Medical Research: A Systematic Scoping Review of the Literature.Women's health reports (New Rochelle, N.Y.) · 2022Article
- The Potential of Oxygenation-Sensitive CMR in Heart Failure.Current heart failure reports · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Women exhibit a greater symptom burden, more functional disability, and a higher prevalence of no obstructive coronary artery disease compared to men when evaluated for signs and symptoms of myocardial ischemia. Microvascular coronary dysfunction (MCD), defined as limited coronary flow reserve and/or coronary endothelial dysfunction, is the predominant etiologic mechanism of ischemia in women with the triad of persistent chest pain, no obstructive coronary artery disease, and ischemia evidenced by stress testing. Evidence shows that approximately 50% of these patients have physiological evidence of MCD. MCD is associated with a 2.5% annual major adverse event rate that includes death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, and congestive heart failure. Although tests such as adenosine stress cardiac magnetic resonance imaging may be a useful noninvasive method to predict subendocardial ischemia, the gold standard test to diagnose MCD is an invasive coronary reactivity testing. Early identification of MCD by coronary reactivity testing may be beneficial in prognostication and stratifying these patients for optimal medical therapy. Currently, understanding of MCD pathophysiology can be used to guide diagnosis and therapy. Continued research in MCD is needed to further advance our understanding.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.