Trial reportLancet (London, England)2011
Smoking cessation support delivered via mobile phone text messaging (txt2stop): a single-blind, randomised trial.
Trial report in Lancet (London, England), 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 5 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 387 papers, 14 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Text Messaging to Reduce Alcohol Relapse in Liver Transplant Patients
Personalized Support Using Instant Messaging Applications to Increase Smoking Cessation in Smokers Proactively Recruited From Smoking Hotspots in Hong Kong: a Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial
Development of an Artificial Intelligence Platform / Digital Dental Hygienist to Improve Compliance in Periodontal Maintenance Patients
Study on the Effect of Digital Smoking Cessation Education Intervention on Outpatients
EUREKA: Evaluating Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure in Kids for Adaptive Intervention
Who cites it
387 citing papers in PubMed, 14 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Korean Clinical Practice Guideline of Korean Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco (KSRNT) and National Evidence-based Healthcare Collaborating Agency (NECA) on Treatment of Tobacco Use 2024.Journal of Korean medical science · 2025Guideline
- Differences in the effectiveness of individual-level smoking cessation interventions by socioeconomic status.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Methods to increase response to postal and electronic questionnaires.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- A systematic review of experimental and longitudinal studies on e-cigarette use cessation.Addictive behaviors · 2023Pooled it
- Mobile Phone-Based Interventions for Smoking Cessation Among Young People: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2023Pooled it
- A Scoping Review and Meta-analysis of the Use of Remote Biochemical Verification Methods of Smoking Status in Tobacco Research.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Pooled it
- Impact of mobile health and telehealth technology on medication adherence of stroke patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.International journal of clinical pharmacy · 2022Pooled it
- Reducing weight and BMI following gestational diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of digital and telemedicine interventions.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2021Pooled it
- Targeted client communication via mobile devices for improving maternal, neonatal, and child health.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Individual-level behavioural smoking cessation interventions tailored for disadvantaged socioeconomic position: a systematic review and meta-regression.The Lancet. Public health · 2019Pooled it
- Smoking cessation interventions for potential use in the lung cancer screening setting: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2019Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis in the effectiveness of mobile phone interventions used to improve adherence to antiretroviral therapy in HIV infection.BMC public health · 2019Pooled it
- Peer-Based Social Media Features in Behavior Change Interventions: Systematic Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2018Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Efficacy and long-term engagement of a WeChat-integrated modality versus a traditional quitline on smoking cessation in China: a randomised controlled trial.BMC medicine · 2026Trial
- Gain-Framed Text Messages and Nicotine Replacement Therapy for Smoking Cessation Among Lung Cancer Screening Patients: A Brief Report of a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Trial
- Telephone Counseling and Messaging Guided by Mobile Profiling of Tobacco Users for Smoking Cessation: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2025Trial
- Boosting Smoking Cessation Intervention Utilization in Chinese Health Care Providers: A Randomized Controlled Trial of the "WeChat WeQuit" Medical Education Program.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Trial
- Text Message-Based Cessation Intervention for People Who Smoked or Used Smokeless Tobacco in India: A Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Trial
- Effect of Adding Personalized Instant Messaging Apps to a Brief Smoking Cessation Model in Community Smokers in Hong Kong: Pragmatic Randomized Clinical Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2024Trial
327 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
- Commented on by[Not Available].2011
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSmoking cessation programmes delivered via mobile phone text messaging show increases in self-reported quitting in the short term. We assessed the effect of an automated smoking cessation programme delivered via mobile phone text messaging on continuous abstinence, which was biochemically verified at 6 months.
methodsIn this single-blind, randomised trial, undertaken in the UK, smokers willing to make a quit attempt were randomly allocated, using an independent telephone randomisation system, to a mobile phone text messaging smoking cessation programme (txt2stop), comprising motivational messages and behavioural-change support, or to a control group that received text messages unrelated to quitting. The system automatically generated intervention or control group texts according to the allocation. Outcome assessors were masked to treatment allocation. The primary outcome was self-reported continuous smoking abstinence, biochemically verified at 6 months. All analyses were by intention to treat. This study is registered, number ISRCTN 80978588.
findingsWe assessed 11,914 participants for eligibility. 5800 participants were randomised, of whom 2915 smokers were allocated to the txt2stop intervention and 2885 were allocated to the control group; eight were excluded because they were randomised more than once. Primary outcome data were available for 5524 (95%) participants. Biochemically verified continuous abstinence at 6 months was significantly increased in the txt2stop group (10·7% txt2stop vs 4·9% control, relative risk [RR] 2·20, 95% CI 1·80-2·68; p<0·0001). Similar results were obtained when participants that were lost to follow-up were treated as smokers (268 [9%] of 2911 txt2stop vs 124 [4%] of 2881 control [RR 2·14, 95% CI 1·74-2·63; p<0·0001]), and when they were excluded (268 [10%] of 2735 txt2stop vs 124 [4%] of 2789 control [2·20, 1·79-2·71; p<0·0001]). No significant heterogeneity was shown in any of the prespecified subgroups.
interpretationThe txt2stop smoking cessation programme significantly improved smoking cessation rates at 6 months and should be considered for inclusion in smoking cessation services.
fundingUK Medical Research Council, Primary Care Research Networks.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.