Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21722581›Full record

Trial reportJournal of diabetes science and technology2011

The effect of real-time continuous glucose monitoring on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Nicole M Ehrhardt, Mary Chellappa, M Susan Walker, Stephanie J Fonda, Robert A Vigersky

Registry-linked trialAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Journal of diabetes science and technology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04854135 (Continuous Glucose Monitoring Initiation at Hospital Discharge), which is not on this map. Cited by 91 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
91citing papers in PubMed, 9 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04854135 naterminatednot on this mapstarted 2021, after this paper: background citation

Continuous Glucose Monitoring Initiation at Hospital Discharge: A Feasibility Pilot Study

TypeinterventionalSponsorWashington University School of MedicineRan2021 to 2022Enrolled20ConditionsType 1 Diabetes, Type2 Diabetes, Hyperglycemia, HypoglycemiaArmsCGM4Home
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

91 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  7. American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline: Developing a Diabetes Mellitus Comprehensive Care Plan-2022 Update.Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists · 2022
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31 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Nicole M EhrhardtDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington DC, USA.
Mary Chellappa
M Susan Walker
Stephanie J Fonda
Robert A Vigersky

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundReal-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) improves hemoglobin A1c (A1C) and hypoglycemia in people with type 1 diabetes mellitus and those with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on prandial insulin; however, it has not been tested in people with T2DM not taking prandial insulin. We evaluated the utility of RT-CGM in people with T2DM on a variety of treatment modalities except prandial insulin.

methodsWe conducted a prospective, 52-week, two-arm, randomized trial comparing RT-CGM (n = 50) versus self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) (n = 50) in people with T2DM not taking prandial insulin. Real-time continuous glucose monitoring was used for four 2-week cycles (2 weeks on/1 week off). All patients were managed by their usual provider. This article reports on changes in A1C 0-12 weeks.

resultsMean (± standard deviation) decline in A1C at 12 weeks was 1.0% (± 1.1%) in the RT-CGM group and 0.5% (± 0.8%) in the SMBG group (p = .006). There were no group differences in the net change in number or dosage of hypoglycemic medications. Those who used the RT-CGM for ≥ 48 days (per protocol) reduced their A1C by 1.2% (± 1.1%) versus 0.6% (± 1.1%) in those who used it <48 days (p = .003). Multiple regression analyses statistically adjusting for baseline A1C, an indicator for usage, and known confounders confirmed the observed differences between treatment groups were robust (p = .009). There was no improvement in weight or blood pressure.

conclusionsReal-time continuous glucose monitoring significantly improves A1C compared with SMBG in patients with T2DM not taking prandial insulin. This technology might benefit a wider population of people with diabetes than previously thought.

Indexed as

AdultAgedBlood GlucoseBlood Glucose Self-MonitoringDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2FemaleGlycated HemoglobinHumansHypoglycemiaInsulinMaleMiddle AgedProspective StudiesRegression AnalysisTreatment OutcomeBlood GlucoseGlycated Hemoglobinhemoglobin A1c protein, humanInsulin

Identifiers

PMID21722581
PMCPMC3192632

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.