Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21722210›Full record

ArticleThe European journal of neuroscience2011

Mechanism behind gamma band activity in the pedunculopontine nucleus.

Nebojsa Kezunovic, Francisco J Urbano, Christen Simon, James Hyde, Kristen Smith, E Garcia-Rill

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The European journal of neuroscience, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
63citing papers in PubMed
2.5field-weighted citation impact, top 11% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

63 citing papers in PubMed, 89 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
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  3. Article
  4. P/Q type (CaMolecular neurobiology · 2024
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  8. Review
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  11. Review
  12. Article
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  14. Focus on the pedunculopontine nucleus. Consensus review from the May 2018 brainstem society meeting in Washington, DC, USA.Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2019
    Review
  15. Review
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  18. Review
  19. Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2018
    Review
  20. Article

3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Nebojsa KezunovicCenter for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
Francisco J Urbano
Christen Simon
James Hyde
Kristen Smith
E Garcia-Rill
University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences · USUniversity of Buenos Aires · AR

Funding

PHYSIOLOGICAL DISTURBANCES ASSOCIATED WITH NEONATAL INTRAVENTRICULAR HEMORRHAGEP20RR020146 · NCRR · UNIV OF ARKANSAS FOR MED SCIS · PI GARCIA-RILL, EDGAR E. · 2004 to 2011
$17.2M
Telemedicine CoreP30GM110702 · NIGMS · UNIV OF ARKANSAS FOR MED SCIS · PI GARCIA-RILL, EDGAR E. · 2014 to 2018
$6.1M
Center for Translational NeuroscienceP20GM103425 · NIGMS · UNIV OF ARKANSAS FOR MED SCIS · PI GARCIA-RILL, EDGAR E. · 2012 to 2013
$4.1M
Central Modulation of RhythmsR01NS020246 · NINDS · UNIV OF ARKANSAS FOR MED SCIS · PI GARCIA-RILL, EDGAR E. · 1985 to 2012
$3.5M
NCRR NIH HHS P20 RR020146NIGMS NIH HHS P20 GM103425NIGMS NIH HHS P30 GM110702NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS020246
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN), part of the reticular activating system, modulates waking and paradoxical sleep. During waking and paradoxical sleep, EEG responses are characterized by low-amplitude, high-frequency oscillatory activity in the beta-gamma band range (~20-80 Hz). We have previously reported that gamma band activity may be intrinsically generated by the membrane electroresponsiveness of PPN neurons, and that the neuronal ensemble generates different patterns of gamma activity in response to specific transmitters. This study attempted to identify the voltage-gated calcium and potassium channels involved in the rising and falling phases of gamma oscillations in PPN neurons. We found that all rat (8-14 day) PPN cell types showed gamma oscillations in the presence of TTX and synaptic blockers when membrane potential was depolarized using current ramps. PPN neurons showed gamma oscillations when voltage-clamped at holding potentials above -30 mV, suggesting that their origin may be spatially located beyond voltage-clamp control. The average frequency for all PPN cell types was 23 ± 1 Hz and this increased under carbachol (47 ± 2 Hz; anova df = 64, t = 12.5, P < 0.001). The N-type calcium channel blocker ω-conotoxin-GVIA partially reduced gamma oscillations, while the P/Q-type blocker ω-agatoxin-IVA abolished them. Both ω-CgTX and ω-Aga blocked voltage-dependent calcium currents, by 56 and 52% respectively. The delayed rectifier-like potassium channel blocker α-dendrotoxin also abolished gamma oscillations. In carbachol-induced PPN population responses, ω-agatoxin-IVA reduced higher, and ω-CgTx mostly lower, frequencies. These results suggest that voltage-dependent P/Q- and, to a lesser extent, N-type calcium channels mediate gamma oscillations in PPN.

Indexed as

ElectroencephalographyAnimalsCalcium Channels, N-TypeCarbacholCholinergic AgonistsMembrane PotentialsNeuronsomega-Agatoxin IVAomega-Conotoxin GVIAPatch-Clamp TechniquesPedunculopontine Tegmental NucleusPeptidesPotassium Channels, Voltage-GatedRatsRats, Sprague-DawleySleepCalcium Channels, N-TypeCarbacholCholinergic Agonistsdendrotoxin Aomega-Agatoxin IVAomega-Conotoxin GVIAPeptidesPotassium Channels, Voltage-GatedSnake VenomsSodium Channel BlockersTetrodotoxin

Identifiers

PMID21722210
PMCPMC3671604
OpenAlexW1723764352

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.