Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21720861›Full record

ReviewWorld journal of urology2012

Urinary tract infection associated with conditions causing urinary tract obstruction and stasis, excluding urolithiasis and neuropathic bladder.

C F Heyns

Registry-linked trialAbstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in World journal of urology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07769060 (Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of Lishitonglin Formula in Improving Preoperative Non-Severe Urinary Tract Infections and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Patients With Urethral Stricture), which is not on this map. Cited by 41 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
41citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
3.7field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07769060 phase2active not recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of Lishitonglin Formula in Improving Preoperative Non-Severe Urinary Tract Infections and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Patients With Urethral Stricture

TypeinterventionalSponsorPeking University First HospitalRan2026 to 2028Enrolled120ConditionsUrethra StrictureArmsLishitonglin Formula granules, Oral placebo medication formulated as granules
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

41 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 97 citations in OpenAlex.

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  10. [Surgical techniques and clinical outcomes of upper urinary tract reconstruction for stone-related ureteral strictures].Beijing da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Peking University. Health sciences · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.

C F HeynsDepartment of Urology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, P.O. Box 19063, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa. cfh2@sun.ac.za
Stellenbosch University · ZA

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThe aim of this study was to examine urinary tract infection (UTI) associated with conditions causing urinary tract obstruction and stasis, excluding urolithiasis and neuropathic bladder dysfunction.

methodsAn electronic literature search was performed using the key words urinary tract infection (UTI), benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), hydronephrosis, obstruction, reflux, diverticulum, urethra, and stricture. In total, 520 abstracts were reviewed, 210 articles were studied in detail, and 36 were included as references.

resultsIt is one of the axioms of Urological practice that urinary tract obstruction and stasis predispose to UTI. Experimental studies indicate that, whereas transurethral inoculates of bacteria are rapidly eliminated from the normal bladder, urethral obstruction leads to cystitis, pyelonephritis, and bacteremia. BPH is, next to urolithiasis, the most common cause of urinary tract obstruction predisposing to UTI. Urethral stricture remains a common cause of UTI in many parts of the world. Urinary stasis in diverticula of the urethra or bladder predisposes to UTI. Experimental studies have shown that, whereas the normal kidney is relatively resistant to infection by organisms injected intravenously, ureteric obstruction predisposes to pyelonephritis. It also causes renal dysfunction which impairs the excretion of antibiotics in the urine, making eradication of bacteria difficult.

conclusionsIn patients with UTI and urinary tract obstruction, targeted antibiotic treatment according to urine culture should be complemented with urgent drainage (bladder catheterization, percutaneous nephrostomy or ureteric stenting) followed by definitive surgery to remove the cause of obstruction or stasis once infection is under control.

Indexed as

DiverticulumFemaleHumansHydronephrosisMaleProstatic HyperplasiaProstatic NeoplasmsUreteral ObstructionUrethral StrictureUrinary Bladder DiseasesUrinary Tract InfectionsUrologic Diseases

Identifiers

PMID21720861
OpenAlexW2132934320

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.